man: Manual
pwd:Print working directory
su:Swith user
cd:Change directory
ls:List files
ps:Process Status
mkdir:Make directory
rmdir:Remove directory
mkfs: Make file system
fsck:File system check
cat: Concatenate
uname: Unix name
df: Disk free
du: Disk usage
lsmod: List modules
mv: Move file
rm: Remove file
cp: Copy file
ln: Link files
fg: Foreground
bg: Background
chown: Change owner
chgrp: Change group
chmod: Change mode
umount: Unmount
dd: 本来应根据其功能描述“Convert an copy”命名为“cc”,但“cc”已经被用以代表“C Complier”,所以命名为“dd”
tar:Tape archive
ldd:List dynamic dependencies
insmod:Install module
rmmod:Remove module
lsmod:List module
文件结尾的"rc"(如.bashrc、.xinitrc等):Resource configuration
Knnxxx / Snnxxx(位于rcx.d目录下):K(Kill);S(Service);nn(执行顺序号);xxx(服务标识)
.a(扩展名a):Archive,static library
.so(扩展名so):Shared object,dynamically linked library
.o(扩展名o):Object file,complied result of C/C++ source file
RPM:Red hat package manager
dpkg:Debian package manager
apt:Advanced package tool(Debian或基于Debian的发行版中提供)
mnt=mount
tmp=temp
usr=user
cd = change directory
ls = list
cp = copy
mv = move
/bin = BINaries
/dev = DEVices
/etc = ETCetera
/lib = LIBrary
/proc = PROCesses
/sbin = Superuser BINaries
/tmp = TeMPorary
/usr = Unix Shared Resources
/var = VARiable
GRUB = GRand Unified Bootloader
PHP = Personal Home Page Tools = PHP Hypertext Preprocessor
PS = Prompt String
Tk = ToolKit
apt = Advanced Packaging Tool
ar = archiver
as = assembler
awk = “Aho Weiberger and Kernighan” 三个作者的姓的第一个字母
bash = Bourne Again SHell
bc = Basic (Better) Calculator
cat = CATenate
cd = Change Directory
chmod = Change Mode
chown = Change Owner
chsh = Change Shell
cmp = compare
comm = common
cp = CoPy
cpio = CoPy In and Out
cpp = C Pre Processor
cron = Chronos 希腊文时间
cups = Common Unix Printing System
dc = Desk Calculator
dd = Disk Dump
df = Disk Free
diff = DIFFerence
dmesg = diagnostic message
du = Disk Usage
ed = editor
egrep = Extended GREP
elf = Extensible Linking Format
elm = ELectronic Mail
emacs = Editor MACroS
eval = EVALuate
ex = EXtended
exec = EXECute
fd = file descriptors
fg = ForeGround
fgrep = Fixed GREP
fmt = format
fsck = File System ChecK
fstab = FileSystem TABle
fvwm = F*** Virtual Window Manager
gawk = GNU AWK
gpg = GNU Privacy Guard
groff = GNU troff
hal = Hardware Abstraction Layer
joe = Joe’s Own Editor
ksh = Korn SHell
lame = Lame Ain’t an MP3 Encoder
lex = LEXical analyser
lisp = LISt Processing
ln = LiNk
lpr = Line PRint
ls = list
m4 = Macro processor Version 4
man = MANual pages
mawk = Mike Brennan’s AWK
mc = Midnight Commander
mkfs = MaKe FileSystem
mknod = MaKe NODe
motd = Message of The Day
mozilla = MOsaic GodZILLa
mtab = Mount TABle
mv = MoVe
nano = Nano’s ANOther editor
nawk = New AWK
nl = Number of Lines
nm = names
nohup = No HangUP
nroff = New ROFF
od = Octal Dump
passwd = PASSWorD
pg = pager
pico = PIne’s message COmposition editor
pirntcap = PRINTer CAPability
popd = POP Directory
pr = pre
printf = PRINT Formatted
ps = Processes Status
pty = pseudo tty
pushd = PUSH Directory
pwd = Print Working Directory
rc = runcom = run command, rc还是plan9的shell
rev = REVerse
rm = ReMove
rn = Read News
roff = RunOFF
rpm = RPM Package Manager = RedHat Package Manager
rxvt = ouR XVT
seamoneky = 我
sed = Stream EDitor
seq = SEQuence
shar = SHell ARchive
slrn = S-Lang rn
ssh = Secure SHell
ssl = Secure Sockets Layer
stty = Set TTY
su = Substitute User
svn = SubVersioN
tar = Tape ARchive
tcsh = TENEX C shell
tee = T (T形水管接口)
telnet = TEminaL over Network
termcap = terminal capability
terminfo = terminal information
tr = traslate
troff = Typesetter new ROFF
tsort = Topological SORT
tty = TeleTypewriter
twm = Tom’s Window Manager
tz = TimeZone
udev = Userspace DEV
ulimit = User’s LIMIT
umask = User’s MASK
uniq = UNIQue
wall = write all
wc = Word Count
wine = WINE Is Not an Emulator
xargs = eXtended ARGuments
xdm = X Display Manager
xlfd = X Logical Font Description
xmms = X Multimedia System
xrdb = X Resources DataBase
xwd = X Window Dump
yacc = yet another compiler compiler
命令选项,从a到z
Linux 命令的选项繁复庞杂,让人眼花缭乱。不过这些选项往往具有相对固定的涵义,熟悉了它们,记忆便不再困难
-a
all : 全部,所有 (ls , lsattr , uname)
archive : 存档 (cp , rsync)
append : 附加 (tar -A , 7z)
-b
blocksize : 块大小,带参数 (du , df)
batch : 批处理模式 (交互模式的程序通常拥有此选项,如 top -b)
-c
commands : 执行命令,带参数 (bash , ksh , python)
create : 创建 (tar)
-d
debug : 调试
delete : 删除
directory : 目录 (ls)
-e
execute : 执行,带参数 (xterm , perl)
edit : 编辑
exclude : 排除
-f
force : 强制,不经确认(cp , rm ,mv)
file : 文件,带参数 (tar)
configuration file : 指定配置文件(有些守护进程拥有此选项,如 ssh , lighttpd)
-g
-h
–help : 帮助
human readable : 人性化显示(ls , du , df)
headers : 头部
-i
interactive : 交互模式,提示(rm , mv)
include : 包含
install: rpm -ivh
information:
-k
keep : 保留
kill
-l
long listing format : 长格式(ls)
list : 列表
load : 读取 (gcc , emacs)
-m
message : 消息 (cvs)
manual : 手册 (whereis)
create home : 创建 home 目录 (usermod , useradd)
-n
number : 行号、编号 (cat , head , tail , pstree , lspci)
no : (useradd , make)
-o
output : 输出 (cc , sort)
options : 选项 (mount)
-p
port : 端口,带参数 (很多网络工具拥有此选项,如 ssh , lftp )
protocol : 协议,带参数
passwd : 密码,带参数
-q
quiet : 静默
query :查询 rpm -qa
-r
reverse : 反转
recursive : 递归 (cp , rm , chmod -R)
-s
silent : 安静
size : 大小,带参数
subject
-t
tag
type : 类型 (mount)
-u
user : 用户名、UID,带参数
-v
verbose : 冗长
version : 版本
-w
width : 宽度
warning : 警告
-x
exclude : 排除 (tar , zip)
-y
yes
-z
zip : 启用压缩 (bzip , tar , zcat , zip , cvs)