Python操作csv文件

使用csv库处理csv文件

1、读取

import csv

def read(path):

    '''使用reader读取数据'''

    reader = csv.reader(open(path, encoding='utf-8'))

    for row in reader:

        print(row)

def dictread(path):

    '''使用DictReader读取数据'''

    reader = csv.DictReader(open(path, encoding='utf-8'))

    for row in reader:

        print(row, row['姓名'])

def get_column(path, col):

    '''获取某一列数据'''

    reader = csv.DictReader(open(path, encoding='utf-8'))

    for row in reader:

        print(row[col])

2、说明

         1、reader函数，会返回一个生成器，可以从其中解析出csv的内容，返回结果以行为单位。

         2、DictReader，和reader函数类似，也是返回一个生成器，但是返回的每一个单元格都放在一个字典的值内，而这个字典的键则是这个单元格的标题（即列头）。

3、写入

import csv

                  

def write_list(path, lst):

    '''写入单行'''

    writer = csv.writer(open(path, 'a', newline=''))

    writer.writerow(lst)

def write_lists(path, lst):

    '''写入多行'''

    writer = csv.writer(open(path, 'a', newline=''))

writer.writerows(lst)

4、说明

         1、writer.writerow(list)用来写入单行数据，writer.writerows(list)用来写入多行数据。

         2、写入的时候添加newline=''，不然写入的每一行后面都会有一个空行

使用pandas库处理csv文件

1、读取

import pandas as pd

def read_all(path):

    df = pd.read_csv(path)

    print(df)

def read_start_to_end(path, start, end):

    '''读取从start到end行的数据，不包括end'''

    df = pd.read_csv(path)

    print(df[start:end])

def read_some_rows(path, *rows):

    '''读取指定的某几行数据'''

    df = pd.read_csv(path)

    lst = pd.DataFrame(df, index=rows)

    print(lst)

def read_some_lines(path, *lines):

    '''读取指定的某些列的数据'''

    df = pd.read_csv(path)

    lst = pd.DataFrame(df, columns=lines)

    print(lst)

def read_some_rows_lines(path, rows, lines):

    '''读取指定的某些行中某些列的值'''

    df = pd.read_csv(path)

    lst = pd.DataFrame(df, index=rows, columns=lines)

    print(lst)

def read_head(path, l=None):

    '''从头部开始返回指定行数，默认为5'''

    df = pd.read_csv(path)

    print(df.head(l))

def read_tail(path, l=None):

    '''从尾部开始返回指定行数，默认为5'''

    df = pd.read_csv(path)

    print(df.tail(l))

def read_sample(path, l=None):

    '''随机返回指定行数，默认为1'''

    df = pd.read_csv(path)

    print(df.sample(l))

def sort(path, asce=True, *columns):

    '''按指定列进行排序,asce=True为升序,asce=False为降序'''

    cols = list(columns)

    df = pd.read_csv(path)

    print(df.sort_values(by=cols, ascending=True))

def find_by_age(path, age):

    '''根据年龄进行查找'''

    df = pd.read_csv(path)

    print(df[df['年龄'] == age])

def find_row_line(path, name, lines):

    '''根据条件查找指定的列的数据，如根据姓名查找年龄'''

    df = pd.DataFrame(pd.read_csv(path))

    print(df.loc[df['姓名']==name, lines])

2、修改

import pandas as pd

def update_age(path, name, age):

    '''根据名称修改年龄'''

    df = pd.DataFrame(pd.read_csv(path))

    df.loc[df['姓名'] == name, '年龄'] = age

    print(df.loc[df['姓名']==name, '年龄'])

3、删除

import pandas as pd

def drop_columns(path, *columns):

    '''删除指定列'''

    cols = list(columns)

    df = pd.read_csv(path)

    df2 = df.drop(cols, axis=1)

print(df2)