HCIA实验

1.实验拓扑.

 

1. 实验需求

（1）除了R5的环回地址固定5.5.5.5/24，其他网段基于192.168.1.0/24进行合理划分。

（2）R1-R4每个路由器存在两个环回接口，模拟PC，地址也在192.168.1.0/24网络内。

（3）R1-R4不能直接编写到达5.5.5.5/24的静态路由，但依然可以访问。

（4）全网可达，尽量减少每台路由器路由条目数量，避免环路。

（5）R4与R5间，正常1000链路通信，故障时自动改为100。

3.实验思路

1.划分 IP，并给相应设备配置 IP地址。

分析:纵观整个网络拓扑 (包括环回网段，考虑汇总)，可将192.168.1.0/24 划分为5个大的网段。(1)192.168.1.0/27----骨干链路

分析:骨干链路有6条,继续将 192.168.1.0/27 网段，划分成6个小网段。30位的掩码。也可保证每条链路一有两个IP 地址可配，节约 IP地址192.168.1.0/30192,168.1.4/30192,168.1.8/30192.168.1.12/30192,168.116/30192.168.1.20/30

(2)192.168.1.32/27----R1环回

L0:192.168.1.32/28

L1:192.168.1.48/28

(3)192.168.1.64/27----R2 环回

L0:192.168.1.64/28

L1:-192.168.1.8028

(4)192.168.1.96/27----R3环回

L0:192.168,1.96.28

L1:192.168.1.112.28

(5)192.168.1.128/27----R4环回

L0:192.168.1.128/28

L1:192.168.1.144/28

编写除了到达 5.5.5.0/24 之外，到达其他网段的静态路由2、3、配置缺省路由，实现 5.5.5.0/24 互通，至此实现全网通，并测试4、防环，做黑洞路由配置”

做备份，通过改变路由条目优先级实现5、

6、测试，观察 1000Mb/s 链路故障时，数据能否走 100Mb/s 链路。

1. 操作命令

1配置端口和环回端口的ip地址

[AR1]INT G0/0/0

[AR1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 192.168.1.1 30

[AR1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int g0/0/1

[AR1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add 192.168.1.5 30

[AR1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]qu

[AR1]int LoopBack 10

[AR1-LoopBack10]ip add 192.168.1.33 28

[AR1-LoopBack10]int l 11

[AR1-LoopBack11]ip add 192.168.1.49 28

[AR2]int g0/0/0

[AR2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 192.168.1.2 30

[AR2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int g0/0/1

[AR2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add 192.168.1.9 30

[AR2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]int l 10

[AR2-LoopBack10]ip add 192.168.1.65 28

[AR2-LoopBack10]int l 11

[AR2-LoopBack11]ip add 192.168.1.81 28

[AR3]int g0/0/0

[AR3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 192.168.1.13 30

[AR3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int g0/0/1

[AR3-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add 192.168.1.6 30

[AR3-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]int l 10

[AR3-LoopBack10]ip add 192.168.1.97 28

[AR3-LoopBack10]int l 11

[AR3-LoopBack11]ip add 192.168.1.113 28

[AR4]int g0/0/0

[AR4-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 192.168.1.10 30

[AR4-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int g0/0/1

[AR4-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add 192.168.1.14 30

[AR4-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]int g 0/0/2

[AR4-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]ip add 192.168.1.17 30

[AR4-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]int g4/0/0

[AR4-GigabitEthernet4/0/0]ip add 192.168.1.21 30

[AR4-GigabitEthernet4/0/0]int l10

[AR4-LoopBack10]ip add 192.168.1.129 28

[AR4-LoopBack10]int l11

[AR4-LoopBack11]ip add 192.168.1.145 28

[AR5]int g0/0/0

[AR5-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 192.168.1.18 30

[AR5-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int g0/0/1

[AR5-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add 192.168.1.22 30

[AR5-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]int l0

[AR5-LoopBack0]ip add 5.5.5.5 24

2.配置静态路由

[AR1]ip route-static 192.168.1.64 27 192.168.1.2

[AR1]ip route-static 192.168.1.8 30 192.168.1.2

[AR1]ip route-static 192.168.1.128 27 192.168.1.2

[AR1]ip route-static 192.168.1.128 27 192.168.1.6

[AR1]ip route-static 192.168.1.16 30 192.168.1.2

[AR1]ip route-static 192.168.1.20 30 192.168.1.6

[AR1]ip route-static 192.168.1.12 30 192.168.1.6

[AR1]ip route-static 192.168.1.96 27 192.168.1.6

[AR2]ip route-static 192.168.1.128 27 192.168.1.10

[AR2]ip route-static 192.168.1.16 30 192.168.1.10

[AR2]ip route-static 192.168.1.20 30 192.168.1.10

[AR2]ip route-static 192.168.1.12 30 192.168.1.10

[AR2]ip route-static 192.168.1.96 27 192.168.1.10

[AR2]ip route-static 192.168.1.96 27 192.168.1.1

[AR2]ip route-static 192.168.1.4 30 192.168.1.1

[AR2]ip route-static 192.168.1.32 27 192.168.1

[AR3]ip route-static 192.168.1.96 27 192.168.1.5

[AR3]ip route-static 192.168.1.0 30 192.168.1.5

[AR3]ip route-static 192.168.1.64 27 192.168.1.5

[AR3]ip route-static 192.168.1.64 27 192.168.1.14

[AR3]ip route-static 192.168.1.8 30 192.168.1.14

[AR3]ip route-static 192.168.1.16 30 192.168.1.14

[AR3]ip route-static 192.168.1.20 30 192.168.1.14

[AR4]ip route-static 192.168.1.96 27 192.168.1.13

[AR4]ip route-static 192.168.1.4 30 192.168.1.13

[AR4]ip route-static 192.168.1.64 27 192.168.1.9

[AR4]ip route-static 192.168.1.0 30 192.168.1.9

[AR4]ip route-static 192.168.1.32 27 192.168.1.9

[AR4]ip route-static 192.168.1.32 27 192.168.1.13

[AR5]ip route-static 192.168.1.128 27 192.168.1.17

[AR5]ip route-static 192.168.1.128 27 192.168.1.21

[AR5]ip route-static 192.168.1.8 30 192.168.1.21

[AR5]ip route-static 192.168.1.8 30 192.168.1.17

[AR5]ip route-static 192.168.1.12 30 192.168.1.17

[AR5]ip route-static 192.168.1.12 30 192.168.1.21

[AR5]ip route-static 192.168.1.96 27  192.168.1.21

[AR5]ip route-static 192.168.1.96 27 192.168.1.17

[AR5]ip route-static 192.168.1.64 27 192.168.1.17

[AR5]ip route-static 192.168.1.64 27 192.168.1.21

[AR5]ip route-static 192.168.1.0 30 192.168.1.21

[AR5]ip route-static 192.168.1.0 30 192.168.1.17

[AR5]ip route-static 192.168.1.4 30 192.168.1.17

[AR5]ip route-static 192.168.1.4 30 192.168.1.21

[AR5]ip route-static 192.168.1.32 27 192.168.1.21

[AR5]ip route-static 192.168.1.32 27 192.168.1.17

3.配置缺省路由

[AR1]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 192.168.1.2

[AR2]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 192.168.1.10

[AR3]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 192.168.1.14

[AR4]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 192.168.1.18

[AR4]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 192.168.1.22

4.防环设计

[AR1]ip route-static 192.168.1.32 27 NULL 0

[AR2]ip route-static 192.168.1.64 27 NULL 0

[AR3]ip route-static 192.168.1.96 27 NULL 0

[AR4]ip route-static 192.168.1.128 27 NULL 0

5.改变静态路由的优先级

[AR4]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 192.168.1.22 preference 61

ip route-static 192.168.1.128 27 192.168.1.21 preference 61

ip route-static 192.168.1.8 30 192.168.1.21 preference 61

ip route-static 192.168.1.12 30 192.168.1.21 preference 61

ip route-static 192.168.1.96 27  192.168.1.21 preference 61

ip route-static 192.168.1.64 27 192.168.1.21 preference 61

ip route-static 192.168.1.0 30 192.168.1.21 preference 61

ip route-static 192.168.1.4 30 192.168.1.21 preference 61

ip route-static 192.168.1.32 27 192.168.1.21 preference 61