14.3 类型转换前先做检查

P360

Thinking in java的这几章艰涩难懂, 主要是结合展示了一些Class结合模板的示例, 实际运用中很少会用到

package com.cnsuning.src;

import java.util.*;

public class Main {

	public static void main(String[] args) {
		String[] RobotTypes = { "com.cnsuning.src.Robot",
				"com.cnsuning.src.T100", "com.cnsuning.src.DolaAMen" };
		List<Class<? extends Robot>> list = new ArrayList<Class<? extends Robot>>();
		try {
			for (String type : RobotTypes) {
				list.add((Class<? extends Robot>) Class.forName(type));
			}
		} catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
			// TODO Auto-generated catch block
			throw new RuntimeException(e);
		}
		RobotMaker rm = new RobotMaker();
		rm.setRobotTypes(list);
		List<Robot> robotList = rm.makeRobots(10);
		HashMap<String,Integer> robotCounter = RobotCounter.countRobotList(robotList);
		System.out.println(robotList);
		System.out.println(robotCounter);
	}
}

class Robot {
	public String toString() {
		return "I'm robot";
	}
}

class T100 extends Robot {
	public String toString() {
		return "I'm T100";
	}
}

class DolaAMen extends Robot {
	public String toString() {
		return "I'm DolaAMen";
	}
}

class RobotMaker {
	private Random rand = new Random(47);
	private List<Class<? extends Robot>> robotTypes;

	public void setRobotTypes(List<Class<? extends Robot>> robotTypes) {
		this.robotTypes = robotTypes;
	}

	public List<Robot> makeRobots(int num) {
		List<Robot> robots = new ArrayList<Robot>();
		for (int i = 0; i < num; i++) {
			robots.add(getRandomType());
		}
		return robots;
	}

	private Robot getRandomType() {
		int n = rand.nextInt(robotTypes.size());
		try {
			return robotTypes.get(n).newInstance();
		} catch (InstantiationException | IllegalAccessException e) {
			// TODO Auto-generated catch block
			throw new RuntimeException(e);
		}
	}
}

class RobotCounter {
	private static class Counter extends HashMap<String, Integer> {
		public void count(String type) {
			Integer num = get(type);
			if (null == num) {
				put(type, 1);
			} else {
				put(type, num + 1);
			}
		}
	}

	public static HashMap<String,Integer> countRobotList(List<Robot> robots) {
		Counter RobotCounter = new Counter();
		for (Robot robot : robots) {
			if (robot instanceof T100){
				RobotCounter.count("T100");
			}
			else if (robot instanceof DolaAMen){
				RobotCounter.count("DolaAMen");
			}
			else if(robot instanceof Robot){
				RobotCounter.count("Robot");
			}
		}
		return RobotCounter;
	}
}

对书中代码稍作简化编写了以上测试代码, 结果为:

[I'm DolaAMen, I'm DolaAMen, I'm T100, I'm DolaAMen, I'm T100, I'm DolaAMen, I'm T100, I'm DolaAMen, I'm robot, I'm T100]
{Robot=1, T100=4, DolaAMen=5}

比较奇特的是类似List<? extends Robot> list = new ArrayList<? extends Robot>();的写法会报编译错误, 而List<Class<? extends Robot>>就不会, 继承向的模板限定只能用于Class???

此外, 统计随机生成类型数目利用了instance of 的类型检查以及内部类, 使用内部类可以很容易地特异化整合已有的容器类等, 实现特定功能.

利用Class的动态类型判断可以避免使用大量if else 请参见 点击打开链接