springMVC_01_环境搭建和入门程序

SpringMVC环境搭建

1. 补全目录-添加 java和resources文件夹
2. 在pom.xml中导入jar包

<!-- 版本锁定 -->
<properties>
    <spring.version>5.0.2.RELEASE</spring.version> 
</properties>
<dependencies>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
        <version>${spring.version}</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-web</artifactId>
        <version>${spring.version}</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
        <version>${spring.version}</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
        <artifactId>servlet-api</artifactId>
        <version>2.5</version>
        <scope>provided</scope>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>javax.servlet.jsp</groupId>
        <artifactId>jsp-api</artifactId>
        <version>2.0</version>
        <scope>provided</scope>
    </dependency>
</dependencies>

3. 在web.xml中配置前端控制器servlet

<!-- SpringMVC的核心控制器 -->
<servlet>
    <servlet-name>dispatcherServlet</servlet-name>  
    <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
    <!-- 配置Servlet的初始化参数，读取springmvc的配置文件，创建spring容器 -->
    <init-param>
        <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name> 
        <param-value>classpath:springmvc.xml</param-value>
    </init-param>
    <!-- 配置servlet启动时加载对象 -->
    <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
    <servlet-name>dispatcherServlet</servlet-name>
    <url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>

4. 在resources下创建springMVC.xml,添加约束

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">
    
<!-- 配置spring创建容器时要扫描的包 -->
<context:component-scan base-package="com.itheima"></context:component-scan>
<!-- 配置视图解析器 -->
<bean id="viewResolver"class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver"> 
    <property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/pages/"></property> 
    <property name="suffix" value=".jsp"></property>
</bean>
<!-- 配置spring开启注解mvc的支持 -->
<mvc:annotation-driven></mvc:annotation-driven>
</beans>

---

入门程序编写

1. 更改springMVC.xml中的约束，开启注解扫描
2. index.jsp中添加链接，点击链接跳转到成功界面
3. 写一个控制器servlet，类加注解@Controller,写一个返回字符串的方法，返回值为success.
4. 方法加注解@RequestMapping(path = "/hello"),hello为路径
5. 在WEB-INF中新建文件夹pages，pages中新建 success.jsp
6. 在springMVc.xml中写视图解析器

   <!--视图解析器-->
       <bean id="internalResourceViewResolver" class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
               <property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/pages/"/>	<!--成功界面所在位置-->
               <property name="suffix" value=".jsp"/>	<!--成功界面的类型-->
       </bean>
   

7.在web.xml中加载springMVC.xml文件还有服务器启动时执行

<servlet>
        <servlet-name>dispatcherServlet</servlet-name>
        <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
        <!--加载springMVC文件-->
        <init-param>
          <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
          <param-value>classpath*:SpringMVC.xml</param-value>
        </init-param>
        <!--服务器启动时执行-->
        <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
    </servlet>
    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>dispatcherServlet</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
     </servlet-mapping>

---

RequestMapping注解

1. RequestMapping注解的作用
   类上加@RequestMapping(paht = "/user"),方法上加@RequestMapping(path = "/test")。
   a标签上的路径应该是"user/test"。
2. RequestMapping注解的属性
   1.path和value属性：@RequestMapping(path = "/test")和@RequestMapping(value = "/test")作用是相同的，只有value属性时value也可以省略。@RequestMapping("/test")
   2.method属性：@RequestMapping(path = "/hello",method = RequestMethod.GET),method代表方法执行的方式。
   3.params：用于指定限制请求参数的条件。@RequestMapping(path = "/hello",params = {"username"}),请求参数中必须有username，没有则不执行。
   4.headers 发送的请求中必须包含的请求头@RequestMapping(path = "/hello",params = {"username"},headers = {"Accept"})。