Scala_匹配模式

一、基本概念及举例

1、scala中的match case(模式匹配)，类似于java中的switch case

2、scala中的模式匹配，可以匹配变量的类型、集合的元素、有无值等各种情况；java中的switch case 却只能匹配数值；

3、语法：变量  match{case 值 => 代码 ... case _ =>代码}, case _   相当于java中switch case 的default;

4、在scala的模式匹配中，只要一个case分支满足了条件就会自动阻止；java中switch case 却需要break阻止；

    val grade:String="A"
    def judgeGrade(grade:String): Unit ={
      grade match {
        case "A" => println("Best")
        case "B" => println("Good")
        case _ => println("bad")
      }
    }
    judgeGrade(grade)

Best

二、模式匹配中使用if匹配

    def judgeGrade01(grade:String,name:String): Unit ={
      grade match {
        case "A" => println("Best")
        case "B" => println("Good")
        case _ if name=="LiSi" => println("LiSi Come on")
        case _ => println("bad")
      }
    }
   
    judgeGrade01("V","LiSi")
    judgeGrade01("A","LiSi")

LiSi Come on
Best

三、对类型进行模式匹配

语法：变量  match {case 变量: 类型 => 代码}

    val num:Int=88
    val str:String="zbc"
    val oth:Float=99
    def judgeType(t:Any)=t match {
      case t:String => "String"
      case t:Int => "Int"
      case t:Double => "Double"
      case _ => "Other Type"
    }
    println(judgeType(num))
    println(judgeType(str))
    println(judgeType(oth))

Int
String
Other Type

四、对数组和List进行模式匹配

可以匹配带有指定元素的数组和List、带有指定个数元素的数组和List、以某元素开头的数组和List

   def matchArr(arr:Array[String]): String ={
      arr match{
        case Array("A") => "Hello A"
        case Array("A","B") =>"Hello A、B"
        case Array("A",_*) => "Hello and Other Str"
        case _ => "What str is it?"
      }
    }
    println(matchArr(Array("A")))
    println(matchArr(Array("A","B")))
    println(matchArr(Array("A","B","E")))
    println(matchArr(Array("B")))
    println(matchArr(Array("E")))

Hello A
Hello A、B
Hello and Other Str
What str is it?
What str is it?

    def matchList(list:List[String]):String={
      list match {
        case "A"::Nil => "Hello A"
        case "A"::"B"::Nil => "Hello A、B"
        case "A"::tail => "Hello and Other Str"
        case _ => "What str is it?"
      }
    }

    println(matchList(List("A")))
    println(matchList(List("A","B")))
    println(matchList(List("A","B","E")))
    println(matchList(List("B")))
    println(matchList(List("E")))

Hello A
Hello A、B
Hello and Other Str
What str is it?
What str is it?

五、模式匹配与case class

1、scala中的case class类似于Java中的JavaBean。即只定义field，并且由Scala编译时自动提供getter和setter方法，但是没有方法。

2、Scala自动为case class定义了伴生对象，也就是object，并且定义了apply()方法，该方法接收主构造函数中相同的参数，并返回case class对象

package com.scala.test.Test

import com.scala.test.Single.Person
class Person
case class Teacher(name:String,subject:String) extends Person
case class Student(name:String,classroom:String) extends Person

object MatchTest {
  def main(args: Array[String]): Unit = {
    def judgePerson(p:Person):String={
      p match{
        case Teacher(name,subject)=>"Teacher: name is "+name+" subject is "+subject
        case Student(name,classroom) => "Student: name is "+name+" classroom is "+classroom
        case _ => "No this Persion"
      }
    }
    println(judgePerson(Teacher("Wang","English")))
    println(judgePerson(Student("Liu","009")))
  }
}

Teacher: name is Wang subject is English
Student: name is Liu classroom is 009

六、Option与模式匹配

1、 Scala有一种特殊的类型，叫做Option。Option有两种值，一种是Some，表示有值，一种是None，表示没有值。

2、Option通常会用于模式匹配中，用于判断某个变量是有值还是没有值。

3、Spark源码中大量地使用了Option，比如Some(a)、None这种语法，因此必须看得懂Option模式匹配，才能够读懂spark源码。

    val map = Map("A"-> "aa","B"->"bb","C"->"cc")
    def matchOption(key:String)={
      val  value= map.get(key);
      value match{
        case Some(v)=>v
        case None =>"no this value"
      }
    }
    println(matchOption("A"))
    println(matchOption("E"))

aa
no this value

七、元组与模式匹配

   val tuple3=("spark","scala","storm")
    val tuple2=("spark","scala")
    def matchTuple(t:Any): Any ={
      t match{
        case (one,_,_)=>one
        case _ => "Other"
      }
    }
    println(matchTuple(tuple3))
    println(matchTuple(tuple2))

spark
Other