erlang笔记2

1.两进程的消息传递

以下面程序为例：

-module(tut16).
-export([start/0, ping/1, pong/0]).

ping(0) ->
    pong ! finished,  %% finished 被发送给了”pong”(导致它像下面所说的那个被终止) 

    io:format("ping finished~n", []);

ping(N) ->
    pong ! {ping, self()},  %%表示 self()返回当前自在运行的进程 ID，在这里是”ping”的进程 ID。
    receive

        pong ->
            io:format("Ping received pong~n", [])

    end,
    ping(N - 1).

     
     

      
      

       
       

        
        

         
         
pong() ->
    receive

         
         
        finished ->
            io:format("Pong finished~n", []);

         
         
        {ping, Ping_PID} ->
            io:format("Pong received ping~n", []),
            Ping_PID ! pong,
            pong()

         
         
end.
         
         
start() ->
    register(pong, spawn(tut16, pong, [])), %% 进程名称注册 
    spawn(tut16, ping, [3]).

         
         
2> c(tut16).
{ok, tut16}
3> tut16:start().
<0.38.0>
Pong received ping
Ping received pong
Pong received ping
Ping received pong
Pong received ping
Ping received pong
ping finished
Pong finished

        
        
       
       
      
      
     
     

总结：

1.Erlang内建函数spawn被用于建立一个新的进程:spawn(模块, 导出的函数, 参数列表) 

2.发送消息方法：Pid ! Message , 即，Message(任何东西)被发到给了标识为 Pid 的进程。

3.receive 构造用于允许进程等待来自其它进程的消息。它的格式是: 

receive
   pattern1 ->

       actions1;
   pattern2 ->

       actions2;
   ....

   patternN
       actionsN

end. 

注意，在结尾没有”;”。