boost::array
很遗憾,STL标准容器中并没有数组容器, 对于一组固定大小的数据, 用vector并不一定比Array合适,vector毕竟是大小可变的。而且个人认为,这样会使概念不够清晰,毕竟Array和vector概念上并不是完全等同的。
boost::array就是数组的容器类实现,他完全兼容STL,很有希望被加入下一代的C++标准中。Boost::array内部仍然是固定长度,但是却拥有STL容器兼容的接口,这样就使的Boost::array能够支持STL中的算法,能够和STL中的许多组建协同工作。
例子程序1:
#include <iostream>
#include <algorithm>
#include <functional>
#include <boost/array.hpp>
using namespace std;
using namespace boost;
template <class T>
inline void print_elements (const T& coll, const char* optcstr="")
{
typename T::const_iterator pos;
std::cout << optcstr;
for (pos=coll.begin(); pos!=coll.end(); ++pos) {
std::cout << *pos << ' ';
}
std::cout << std::endl;
}
int main()
{
// create and initialize array
array<int,10> a = { { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 } };
print_elements(a);
// modify elements directly
for (unsigned i=0; i<a.size(); ++i) {
++a[i];
}
print_elements(a);
// change order using an STL algorithm
reverse(a.begin(),a.end());
print_elements(a);
// negate elements using STL framework
transform(a.begin(),a.end(), // source
a.begin(), // destination
negate<int>()); // operation
print_elements(a);
return 0;
}
运行结果:
1 2 3 4 5 0 0 0 0 0
2 3 4 5 6 1 1 1 1 1
1 1 1 1 1 6 5 4 3 2
-1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2
例子程序2:
#include <string>
#include <iostream>
#include <boost/array.hpp>
template <class T>
void print_elements (const T& x)
{
for (unsigned i=0; i<x.size(); ++i) {
std::cout << " " << x[i];
}
std::cout << std::endl;
}
int main()
{
// create array of four seasons
boost::array<std::string,4> seasons = {
{ "spring", "summer", "autumn", "winter" }
};
// copy and change order
boost::array<std::string,4> seasons_orig = seasons;
for (unsigned i=seasons.size()-1; i>0; --i) {
std::swap(seasons.at(i),seasons.at((i+1)%seasons.size()));
}
std::cout << "one way: ";
print_elements(seasons);
// try swap()
std::cout << "other way: ";
std::swap(seasons,seasons_orig);
print_elements(seasons);
// try reverse iterators
std::cout << "reverse: ";
for (boost::array<std::string,4>::reverse_iterator pos
=seasons.rbegin(); pos<seasons.rend(); ++pos) {
std::cout << " " << *pos;
}
std::cout << std::endl;
return 0; // makes Visual-C++ compiler happy
}
运行结果:
one way: winter spring summer autumn
other way: spring summer autumn winter
reverse: winter autumn summer spring