JAVA设计模式之建造者模式

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已于 2022-10-27 00:41:40 修改

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分类专栏：设计模式文章标签： java 设计模式建造者模式

于 2022-10-27 00:36:52 首次发布

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JAVA设计模式之建造者模式-创建型

1. 定义

将一个复杂对象的构建与它的表示分离，使得同样的构建过程可以创建不同的表示

用户只需要指定建造的类型就可以得到他们，建造过程与细节不需要知道

2. 类型

创建型

3. 适用场景

如果一个对象有非常复杂的内部结果（很多属性）

想把复杂对象的创建和使用分离

4. 优点

封装性好，创建和使用分离

扩展性好、建造类之间独立、一定程度上解耦

5. 缺点

产生多余的builder对象

铲平内部发生变化，建造者都要修改，成本较大

6. 相关设计模式

建造者模式和工厂模式

建造者模式注重方法的调用顺序，而工厂模式注重创建产品，创建力度不同，可以创建复杂的部位组成，而工厂模式创建的都是一样的

7. coding

原型以课程为例，课程包含名称 PPT 视频手记问答抽象者建立创建课程名称 PPT 视频手记问答，实际的创建者创建课程名称 PPT 视频手记问答，由讲师来进行创建具体的课程类

7.1 课程类

package com.maidou.learning.design.creatation.builder;


import lombok.Data;
import lombok.ToString;

/**
 * @Author maicheng
 * @Description : 课程类
 * @Date 23:12 2022/10/26
 **/
@Data
@ToString
public class Course {

    private String courseName;

    private String coursePPT;

    private String courseVideo;

    private String courseArticle;

    private String courseQA;
}

7.2 创建课程的抽象类

package com.maidou.learning.design.creatation.builder;

/**
 * @ClassName CourseBuilder * @Description TODO
 * @Author maido
 * @Date 23:12 2022/10/26
 * @Version 1.0
 **/
public abstract class CourseBuilder {

    public abstract void setCourseName(String courseName);

    public abstract void setCoursePPT(String coursePPT);

    public abstract void setCourseVideo(String courseVideo);

    public abstract void setCourseArticle(String courseArticle);

    public abstract void setCourseQA(String courseQA);

    public abstract Course createCourse();
}

7.3 创建课程的继承类

package com.maidou.learning.design.creatation.builder;

/**
 * @ClassName CourseActualBuilder * @Description TODO
 * @Author maido
 * @Date 23:15 2022/10/26
 * @Version 1.0
 **/
public class CourseActualBuilder extends CourseBuilder{

    private Course course = new Course();

    @Override
    public void setCourseName(String courseName) {
        course.setCourseName(courseName);
    }

    @Override
    public void setCoursePPT(String coursePPT) {
        course.setCoursePPT(coursePPT);
    }

    @Override
    public void setCourseVideo(String courseVideo) {
        course.setCourseVideo(courseVideo);
    }

    @Override
    public void setCourseArticle(String courseArticle) {
        course.setCourseArticle(courseArticle);
    }

    @Override
    public void setCourseQA(String courseQA) {
        course.setCourseQA(courseQA);
    }


    @Override
    public Course createCourse() {

        return course;
    }
}

7.4 讲师根据抽象的课程创建具体的课程信息

package com.maidou.learning.design.creatation.builder;

/**
 * @ClassName Coach
 * @Description 教练
 * @Author maido
 * @Date 23:21 2022/10/26
 * @Version 1.0
 **/
public class Coach {

    private CourseBuilder courseBuilder;

    public Coach(CourseBuilder courseBuilder) {
        this.courseBuilder = courseBuilder;
    }


    public Course createCourse(String courseName, String coursePPT, String courseVideo, String courseArticle,
                               String courseQA) {
        courseBuilder.setCourseName(courseName);
        courseBuilder.setCoursePPT(coursePPT);
        courseBuilder.setCourseVideo(courseVideo);
        courseBuilder.setCourseArticle(courseArticle);
        courseBuilder.setCourseQA(courseQA);

        return courseBuilder.createCourse();
    }
}

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7.5 改造链式调用

package com.maidou.learning.design.creatation.builder.v2;

/**
 * @ClassName course
 * @Description TODO
 * @Author maido
 * @Date 0:06 2022/10/27
 * @Version 1.0
 **/
public class Course {

    private String courseName;

    private String coursePPT;

    private String courseVideo;

    private String courseArticle;

    private String courseQA;

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Course{" +
                "courseName='" + courseName + '\'' +
                ", coursePPT='" + coursePPT + '\'' +
                ", courseVideo='" + courseVideo + '\'' +
                ", courseArticle='" + courseArticle + '\'' +
                ", courseQA='" + courseQA + '\'' +
                '}';
    }

    public Course(CourseBuilder courseBuilder) {
        this.courseName = courseBuilder.courseName;
        this.coursePPT = courseBuilder.coursePPT;
        this.courseVideo = courseBuilder.courseVideo;
        this.courseQA = courseBuilder.courseQA;
        this.courseArticle = courseBuilder.courseArticle;
    }

    public static class CourseBuilder {
        private String courseName;

        private String coursePPT;

        private String courseVideo;

        private String courseArticle;

        private String courseQA;


        public CourseBuilder setCourseName(String courseName) {
            this.courseName = courseName;
            return this;
        };

        public CourseBuilder setCoursePPT(String coursePPT){
            this.coursePPT = coursePPT;
            return this;
        };

        public CourseBuilder setCourseVideo(String courseVideo){
            this.courseVideo = courseVideo;
            return this;
        };

        public CourseBuilder setCourseArticle(String courseArticle){
            this.courseArticle = courseArticle;
            return this;
        };

        public CourseBuilder setCourseQA(String courseQA) {
            this.courseQA = courseQA;
            return this;
        };

        public Course build() {

            return new Course(this);
        }
    }
}

测试

package com.maidou.learning.design.creatation.builder.v2;

/**
 * @ClassName MainTest
 * @Description TODO
 * @Author maido
 * @Date 0:17 2022/10/27
 * @Version 1.0
 **/
public class MainTest {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Course course = new Course.CourseBuilder().setCourseName("springboot测试").build();

        System.out.println(course);
    }
}

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8 源码解析

8.1 StringBuilder StringBuffer

8.1.1 来源

java.lang.StringBuilder

8.1.2 coding 标准的建造者模式

    @Override
    public StringBuilder append(String str) {
        super.append(str);
        return this;
    }

8.2 BeanDefinitionBuilder

8.2.1 来源

org.springframework.beans.factory.support.BeanDefinitionBuilder

8.2.2 coding

  public static BeanDefinitionBuilder genericBeanDefinition() {
        return new BeanDefinitionBuilder(new GenericBeanDefinition());
    }

    public static BeanDefinitionBuilder genericBeanDefinition(String beanClassName) {
        BeanDefinitionBuilder builder = new BeanDefinitionBuilder(new GenericBeanDefinition());
        builder.beanDefinition.setBeanClassName(beanClassName);
        return builder;
    }

    public static BeanDefinitionBuilder genericBeanDefinition(Class<?> beanClass) {
        BeanDefinitionBuilder builder = new BeanDefinitionBuilder(new GenericBeanDefinition());
        builder.beanDefinition.setBeanClass(beanClass);
        return builder;
    }

    public static <T> BeanDefinitionBuilder genericBeanDefinition(Class<T> beanClass, Supplier<T> instanceSupplier) {
        BeanDefinitionBuilder builder = new BeanDefinitionBuilder(new GenericBeanDefinition());
        builder.beanDefinition.setBeanClass(beanClass);
        builder.beanDefinition.setInstanceSupplier(instanceSupplier);
        return builder;
    }