UNIX网络编程（Socket）

sockaddr_in

struct in_addr {
    in_addr_t         s_addr; // 一般为uint32_t
};

/* 每个协议族都定义了自己的套接字地址结构，它们都以sockaddr_开头，并以对应每个协议族的唯一后缀结尾
   IPv4的套接字地址结构为sockaddr_in */
struct sockaddr_in {
    uint8_t           sin_len;
    sa_family_t       sin_family;
    in_port_t         sin_port; // 一般为uint16_t
    struct in_addr    sin_addr;
    char              sin_zero[8];
};

/* 通用套接字地址结构为sockaddr
   套接字地址结构都以指针形式传递给套接字函数，为了兼容不同的套接字地址结构，
   必须把特定套接字地址结构的指针强制转换为通用套接字地址结构的指针 */
struct sockaddr {
    uint8_t           sa_len;
    sa_family_t       sa_family;
    char              sa_data[14];
};

typedef int socklen_t;
typedef unsigned int size_t;
typedef int ssize_t;

TCP server/client

// TCP server
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
 
int main() {
    int listenfd, connfd;
    socklen_t clilen;
    pid_t pid;
    struct sockaddr_in servaddr, cliaddr;
    char buf[1024] = {0};
    
    memset(&servaddr, 0, sizeof(servaddr));
    servaddr.sin_family = AF_INET;
    servaddr.sin_addr.s_addr = htonl(INADDR_ANY);
    servaddr.sin_port = htons(8000);
 
    listenfd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0);
    bind(listenfd, (struct sockaddr *) &servaddr, sizeof(servaddr));
    listen(listenfd, 1024);
     
    for (;;) {
        clilen = sizeof(cliaddr);
        connfd = accept(listenfd, (struct sockaddr *) &cliaddr, &clilen);
        if ((pid = fork()) == 0) {
            close(listenfd); // 子进程关闭监听套接字
            sprintf(buf, "%d", getpid());
            write(connfd, buf, sizeof(buf));
            close(connfd);
            return 0;
        }
        close(connfd); // 父进程关闭已连接套接字
    }
    return 0;
}
 
// TCP client
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
 
int main(int argc, char **argv) {
    int i, sockfd;
    struct sockaddr_in servaddr/*, cliaddr*/;
    char buf[1024] = {0};
    
    memset(&servaddr, 0, sizeof(servaddr));
    servaddr.sin_family = AF_INET;
    inet_pton(AF_INET, argv[1], &servaddr.sin_addr);
    servaddr.sin_port = htons(8000);

    /*memset(&cliaddr, 0, sizeof(cliaddr));
    cliaddr.sin_family = AF_INET;
    inet_pton(AF_INET, argv[2], &cliaddr.sin_addr);
    cliaddr.sin_port = htons(0);*/
 
    for (i = 0; i < 5; ++i) {   
        sockfd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0);
        /*bind(sockfd, (struct sockaddr *) &cliaddr, sizeof(cliaddr));*/
        connect(sockfd, (struct sockaddr *) &servaddr, sizeof(servaddr));
        read(sockfd, buf, 1024);
        printf("pid: %s\n", buf);
        close(sockfd);
    }
    return 0;
}