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最新推荐文章于 2024-09-22 14:42:14 发布

hz5034

最新推荐文章于 2024-09-22 14:42:14 发布

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文章标签： linux bash 运维

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/hz5034/article/details/89289385

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make

官方文档
https://www.gnu.org/software/make/manual

跟我一起写 Makefile
https://blog.csdn.net/haoel/article/details/2886
https://blog.csdn.net/haoel/article/details/2899

GNUmakefile > makefile > Makefile
https://www.gnu.org/software/make/manual/html_node/Makefile-Names.html

=和:=的区别
https://blog.csdn.net/b876144622/article/details/80372161

%和*的区别
https://www.cnblogs.com/warren-wong/p/3979270.html

@
echo “hello”：显示命令和结果
@echo “hello”：只显示结果

origin、wildcard、patsubst
https://www.zhaixue.cc/makefile/makefile-origin-function.html
https://www.zhaixue.cc/makefile/makefile-function.html
https://www.zhaixue.cc/makefile/makefile-text-func.html

.SECONDEXPANSION
https://www.gnu.org/software/make/manual/html_node/Secondary-Expansion.html

targets : normal-prerequisites | order-only-prerequisites
https://www.gnu.org/software/make/manual/html_node/Prerequisite-Types.html

隐含规则
https://blog.csdn.net/haoel/article/details/2897

模式规则、后缀规则
https://blog.csdn.net/haoel/article/details/2898

%.d: %.c
https://www.gnu.org/software/make/manual/html_node/Automatic-Prerequisites.html

%.d: %.c
@set -e; rm -f $@; \
$(CC) -M $(CPPFLAGS) $< > $@.$$$$; \
sed 's,\($*\)\.o[ :]*,\1.o $@ : ,g' < $@.$$$$ > $@; \
rm -f $@.$$$$

以hello.c为例，上面的sed语句等价于

sed 's,hello.o: ,hello.o hello.d : ,g' < hello.d.$$$$ > hello.d;

gcc

在这里插入图片描述

hello.c

#include <stdio.h>

int main()
{
    printf("Hello, World!\n");
    return 0;
}

预处理器（preprocessor，cpp）

cpp hello.c -o hello.i
gcc -E hello.c -o hello.i

编译器（compiler，cc1）

sudo find / -name cc1
/usr/libexec/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.8.2/cc1

/usr/libexec/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.8.2/cc1 hello.i -o hello.s
gcc -S hello.c/i -o hello.s

汇编器（assembler，as）

as hello.s -o hello.o
gcc -c hello.c/i/s -o hello.o

链接器（linker，ld）

gcc hello.o -o hello -v
/usr/libexec/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.8.5/collect2 --build-id --no-add-needed --eh-frame-hdr --hash-style=gnu -m elf_x86_64 -dynamic-linker /lib64/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2 -o hello /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.8.5/../../../../lib64/crt1.o /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.8.5/../../../../lib64/crti.o /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.8.5/crtbegin.o -L/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.8.5 -L/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.8.5/../../../../lib64 -L/lib/../lib64 -L/usr/lib/../lib64 -L/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.8.5/../../.. hello.o -lgcc --as-needed -lgcc_s --no-as-needed -lc -lgcc --as-needed -lgcc_s --no-as-needed /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.8.5/crtend.o /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.8.5/../../../../lib64/crtn.o

collect2：https://gcc.gnu.org/onlinedocs/gccint/Collect2.html

ld hello.o /usr/lib64/crt1.o /usr/lib64/crti.o /usr/lib64/crtn.o /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.8.5/crtbegin.o /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.8.5/crtend.o -dynamic-linker /lib64/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2 -lc -o hello
gcc hello.c/i/s/o -o hello

-I（大写i）：指定头文件目录
-L：指定库文件目录
-l（小写l）：指定静/动态库

ip route add

ip route add 10.0.0.0/24 dev eth0
通过dev eth0添加的路由的gateway为0.0.0.0（二层路由），给网卡配置ip会生成一条该路由

ip route add 10.0.0.0/24 gw 192.168.0.1
通过gw 192.168.0.1添加的路由的gateway为192.168.0.1（三层路由），gw必须和某一个本机ip同网段

ping -s

-s表示icmp payload长度（不包含20B ip头和8B icmp头）
最小长度：0
MTU最小长度：46 - 28 = 18
MTU最大长度：1500 - 28 = 1472
最大长度：65535 - 28 = 65507

在用ping做链路探测时，注意-s的取值范围最好为18-1472，防止被某些防火墙丢包

[root@localhost ~]# ping 223.5.5.5 -c 1 -s 0
[root@localhost ~]# ping 223.5.5.5 -c 1 -s 18
[root@localhost ~]# ping 223.5.5.5 -c 1 -s 1472
[root@localhost ~]# ping 223.5.5.5 -c 1 -s 1473

[root@localhost ~]# tcpdump -nnvvi any icmp and dst host 223.5.5.5
11:32:49.900129 IP (tos 0x0, ttl 64, id 3732, offset 0, flags [DF], proto ICMP (1), length 28) # IP长度
    192.168.11.105 > 223.5.5.5: ICMP echo request, id 27311, seq 1, length 8 # ICMP长度

11:32:59.386886 IP (tos 0x0, ttl 64, id 10410, offset 0, flags [DF], proto ICMP (1), length 46)
    192.168.11.105 > 223.5.5.5: ICMP echo request, id 27917, seq 1, length 26

11:33:11.666522 IP (tos 0x0, ttl 64, id 22678, offset 0, flags [DF], proto ICMP (1), length 1500)
    192.168.11.105 > 223.5.5.5: ICMP echo request, id 28665, seq 1, length 1480

11:33:25.003144 IP (tos 0x0, ttl 64, id 24726, offset 0, flags [+], proto ICMP (1), length 1500)
    192.168.11.105 > 223.5.5.5: ICMP echo request, id 29355, seq 1, length 1480
11:33:25.003155 IP (tos 0x0, ttl 64, id 24726, offset 1480, flags [none], proto ICMP (1), length 21)
    192.168.11.105 > 223.5.5.5: ip-proto-1

crontab

配置文件：
/etc/crontab
/etc/cron.d/
/var/spool/cron/{user}（crontab -e）

cat /etc/crontab

SHELL=/bin/bash
PATH=/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin
MAILTO=root

# For details see man 4 crontabs

# Example of job definition:
# .---------------- minute (0 - 59)
# |  .------------- hour (0 - 23)
# |  |  .---------- day of month (1 - 31)
# |  |  |  .------- month (1 - 12) OR jan,feb,mar,apr ...
# |  |  |  |  .---- day of week (0 - 6) (Sunday=0 or 7) OR sun,mon,tue,wed,thu,fri,sat
# |  |  |  |  |
# *  *  *  *  * user-name  command to be executed

在/etc/cron.d/目录下有0hourly文件，cat /etc/cron.d/0hourly

# Run the hourly jobs
SHELL=/bin/bash
PATH=/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin
MAILTO=root
01 * * * * root run-parts /etc/cron.hourly

在/etc/cron.hourly/目录下有0anacron文件，cat /etc/cron.hourly/0anacron

#!/bin/sh
# Check whether 0anacron was run today already
if test -r /var/spool/anacron/cron.daily; then
    day=`cat /var/spool/anacron/cron.daily`
fi
if [ `date +%Y%m%d` = "$day" ]; then
    exit 0;
fi

# Do not run jobs when on battery power
if test -x /usr/bin/on_ac_power; then
    /usr/bin/on_ac_power >/dev/null 2>&1
    if test $? -eq 1; then
    exit 0
    fi
fi
/usr/sbin/anacron -s

cat /etc/anacrontab

# /etc/anacrontab: configuration file for anacron

# See anacron(8) and anacrontab(5) for details.

SHELL=/bin/sh
PATH=/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin
MAILTO=root
# the maximal random delay added to the base delay of the jobs
RANDOM_DELAY=45
# the jobs will be started during the following hours only
START_HOURS_RANGE=3-22

#period in days   delay in minutes   job-identifier   command
1	5	cron.daily		nice run-parts /etc/cron.daily
7	25	cron.weekly		nice run-parts /etc/cron.weekly
@monthly 45	cron.monthly		nice run-parts /etc/cron.monthly

在/etc/cron.daily目录下有logrotate文件，cat /etc/cron.daily/logrotate

#!/bin/sh

/usr/sbin/logrotate /etc/logrotate.conf
EXITVALUE=$?
if [ $EXITVALUE != 0 ]; then
    /usr/bin/logger -t logrotate "ALERT exited abnormally with [$EXITVALUE]"
fi
exit 0

/etc/cron.weekly/和/etc/cron.monthly/是空目录

logrotate

配置文件：
/etc/logrotate.conf
/etc/logrotate.d/

cat /etc/logrotate.conf

# see "man logrotate" for details
# rotate log files weekly
weekly

# keep 4 weeks worth of backlogs
rotate 4

# create new (empty) log files after rotating old ones
create

# use date as a suffix of the rotated file
dateext

# uncomment this if you want your log files compressed
#compress

# RPM packages drop log rotation information into this directory
include /etc/logrotate.d

# no packages own wtmp and btmp -- we'll rotate them here
/var/log/wtmp {
    monthly
    create 0664 root utmp
	minsize 1M
    rotate 1
}

/var/log/btmp {
    missingok
    monthly
    create 0600 root utmp
    rotate 1
}

# system-specific logs may be also be configured here.

在/etc/logrotate.conf中include /etc/logrotate.d，cat /etc/logrotate.d/syslog-ng

/var/log/messages /var/log/secure /var/log/maillog /var/log/spooler /var/log/boot.log /var/log/cron /var/log/kern{
        missingok
        sharedscripts
        postrotate
                /bin/kill -HUP `cat /var/run/syslog-ng.pid 2> /dev/null` 2> /dev/null || true
        endscript
}