文件操作总结

 

File Operation Summary

                                          By xiaohuangyang at 2008-1-3

 

The FILE Poionter Structure:文件指针结构

 

#ifndef _FILE_DEFINED

struct _iobuf {

        char *_ptr;

        int   _cnt;

        char *_base;

        int   _flag;

        int   _file;

        int   _charbuf;

        int   _bufsiz;

        char *_tmpfname;

        };

typedef struct _iobuf FILE;

#define _FILE_DEFINED

#endif

 

1.Open A File 打开文件

Function ：FILE * fopen(filename,accessmode);

Return value: if the fopen call is successful, a FILE pointer is returned to identify the file in the Subsequent I/O operations;otherwise, a null pointer is returned.

Notes: accessmode : “r”    read only

           “w” write only

                   “a”   appending the file

                   “r+” or “w+” read and write

                   “a+” read and write ,but all writes go to the end of the end of the file.

On systems that distinguish binary from text file ,the letter b must be append to the access mode(as in “rb”)to open a binary file.

 

If a file is not exist,it is created if the accessmode is “w”,w+”,”a”or”a+”;

 

 

2.Close a file 关闭文件

 Function : int fclose (filePtr)

 Return value : ,return 0 if the close is successful,or return EOF if an error occurs;

 

 

3.Get to a specific position of the file 到达文件的指定位置

 Function: int fseek(fileptr,offset,mode)

 Return value: if fseek is called successful ,a nozero value is returned;

 Notes: mode: “SEEK_SET” the offset is relative to the beginning of the file

                      “SEEK_END” the offset is relative to the end of the file

                      “SEEK_CUR” the offset is relative to the current position

offset is a long int. this function position the indicated file to a point that is offset

bytes From the beginning of the file /end of the file / current position.

 

 

4. Get the position of the file 得到当前的位置

   Function: long ftell(filePtr)

Return value: returns the relative offset in bytes of the current position in the file idendtified by filePtr,or -1L on error;

Notes: In windows operate system that distinguish binary from text file,

Windows 操作系统上，二进制文件和文本文件是区别对待的，对于文本文件，当向其内部写入数据时，一旦遇到换行(0x0a),则会转换为回车换行(0x0a ,0x0d)

当读取数据时，一旦遇到回车换行(0x0a,0x0d)组合，则会转化为换行(0x0a).

不管是二进制方式还是文本方式ftell(),fseek()函数是根据文件中实际的字符偏移为准的.

应当注意采用文本方式从文件开始处读取文件时，读取到的字符数和实际中该字符的偏移是不同的。因为回车换行两个字符在读取时只能读到一个字符。

 

Example:

//program 1

#include <stdio.h>

void main()

{

       FILE *fp = NULL;

 

       //open a.txt file in binary mode,create it first time .

       if( (fp = fopen("a.txt","wb")) != NULL)

       {

              fputc('A',fp);//A

              fputc('B',fp);//B

              fputc(0x0a,fp);

              printf(“%d”),.ftell(fp);

              fclose(fp);

       }

}

a.      txt内的内容

AB黑点C

Print output：4

//program 2

#include <stdio.h>

void main()

{

       FILE *fp = NULL;

 

       //open a.txt file in binary mode,create it first time .

       if( (fp = fopen("a.txt","w")) != NULL)

       {

              fputc('A',fp);//A

              fputc('B',fp);//B

              fputc(0x0a,fp);

printf(“%d”),.ftell(fp);

              fclose(fp);

       }

}

a.txt的内容：

AB

C

 

Print output:5

 

 

5.Read File or Write to File

 

//get one character

Function           : int fgetc(filePtr)

ReturnValue: return the next character of the file,or the value EOF if an end-of-file

                     Condition occurs;

//get a string less than a line.

Function:    char * fgets(buffer,i,filePtr);

ReturnValue: if an eof is reached or an error occurs ,the value NULL is returned ,otherwise return the buffer is returned

Notes:reads character from the inicated file ,untile i-1 characters are read or a new line character is read.

 

//get a formated data

Function: int fscanf( filePtr,format,arg1,arg2,…..argn)

ReturnValue: the number of items successfully read and assigned.or the value EOF if the end of file is reched before the first item is conveted.

Notes: Read data items from the the file identified by the filePtr,accord the format specified by the character string-- format.

 

//get N items data

Function: size_t fread( buffer,size,n,filePtr)

Returnvalue: the items successfully read.

Notes: Read n data items from the identified file into buffer.Each item of data is size bytes of length.