python常用命令_变量类型转换

• 图片转码

import cv2
import numpy as np
from io import BytesIO
from PIL import Image
file_bytes = np.asarray(bytearray(img_file), dtype=np.uint8)
img_bgr = cv2.imdecode(file_bytes, 1)


img_rgb = Image.open(BytesIO(img_file))

•  内置函数列表
• 图片类型查看

>>> import imghdr
>>> imghdr.what('ChsEkF1yCJKAKi1DAALJheTLCAc642.jpg')
'png'

• 字符串转换为变量名 

#合并所有label
label_idx_0=[0, 5, 2]
label_idx_1=[1,3]
label_idx_2=[4,6]
label=[]
for i in xrange(3):
    label_str='label_idx_'+str(i)
    #label_idx=locals()[label_str]
    #label_idx=vars()[label_str]
    label_idx=locals()[label_str]
    label +=label_idx
print label
#out:[0, 5, 2, 1, 3, 4, 6]

np.hstack((label_idx_0, label_idx_1, label_idx_2)) #就功能而言，可通过np.hstack实现

• long转换为np.uint32

>>> import numpy as np  
>>> num=np.long(251)
>>> num
251L
>>> type(num)
<type 'long'>
>>> num_int=np.uint32(num)
>>> num_int
251
>>> type(num_int)
<type 'numpy.uint32'>

•  numpy和list相互转换

>>> data_np=np.array([[1,2,3], [4,5,3], [3,2,1]])
>>> data_l=data_np.tolist()
>>> type(data_np)
<type 'numpy.ndarray'>
>>> type(data_l)
<type 'list'>
>>> data_l2np=np.array(data_l)
>>> type(data_l2np)
<type 'numpy.ndarray'>

• 字符串替代

>>> city_name = 'province: {:s}, city: {:s}'
>>> city_name.format('beijing', 'haidian')
'province: beijing, city: haidian'
>>> city_name
'province: {:s}, city: {:s}'
>>> city_name = 'province: %s, city: %s'
>>> city_name%('beijing', 'haidian')
'province: beijing, city: haidian'