C++使用共享内存实现进程间通信

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文件映射是一种实现进程间单向或双向通信的机制。它允许两个或多个本地进程间相互通信。为了共享文件或内存，所有的进程必须使用相同的文件映射的名字或是句柄。

　　为了实现共享文件，第一个进程先调用CreateFile方法。接下来调用CreateFileMapping方法来创建一个文件映射对象。并为文件映射指明一个句柄和名称。由于事件，信号，互斥对象和文件映射等这些内核对象都共享同一个名字空间，所以如果这个名字和其他一个对象的名称重名的话那么将创建失败。


　　为了实现共享内存，进程应首先调用CreateFileMapping函数然后在hFile参数中传入INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE宏来替代句柄。相应的文件映射对象会从系统的分页文件中获得一段内存。如果hFile参数的值是INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE，那么你在调用CreateFileMapping时必须给共享内存指定一个大小值。


　　使用共享内存或文件的进程必须使用MapViewOfFile函数或MapViewOfFileEx函数来创建一个文件视图。


　　下面我们创建一个名称为"Local\SampleMap"的文件映射对象，并将一个字符串写入到文件映射中。


　　我们将创建两个程序，一个是服务程序，一个是客户程序。服务程序负责创建文件映射。


　　服务程序命名为CppFileMappingServer，它的执行过程是


　　1、创建一个特定大小的文件映射对象，名称为“Local\SampleMap”

　　2、将这个对象的文件视图映射到进程的地址空间，然后向视图中写入字符串。

Server完整源码：

#pragma region Includes

　　#include "stdafx.h"

　　#include <aclapi.h>

　　#pragma endregion

　　#define MAP_PREFIX L"Local\\"

　　#define MAP_NAME L"SampleMap"

　　#define FULL_MAP_NAME MAP_PREFIX MAP_NAME

　　// Max size of the file mapping object.

　　#define MAP_SIZE 65536

　　// File offset where the view is to begin.

　　#define VIEW_OFFSET 0

　　// The number of bytes of a file mapping to map to the view. All bytes of the

　　// view must be within the maximum size of the file mapping object (MAP_SIZE).

　　// If VIEW_SIZE is 0, the mapping extends from the offset (VIEW_OFFSET) to

　　// the end of the file mapping.

　　#define VIEW_SIZE 1024

　　// Unicode string message to be written to the mapped view. Its size in byte

　　// must be less than the view size (VIEW_SIZE).

　　#define MESSAGE L"Message from the first process."

　　int wmain(int argc, wchar_t* argv[])

　　{

　　HANDLE hMapFile = NULL;

　　PVOID pView = NULL;

　　// Create the file mapping object.

　　hMapFile = CreateFileMapping(

　　INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE, // Use paging file - shared memory

　　NULL, // Default security attributes

　　PAGE_READWRITE, // Allow read and write access

　　0, // High-order DWORD of file mapping max size

　　MAP_SIZE, // Low-order DWORD of file mapping max size

　　FULL_MAP_NAME // Name of the file mapping object

　　);

　　if (hMapFile == NULL)

　　{

　　wprintf(L"CreateFileMapping failed w/err 0x%08lx\n", GetLastError());

　　goto Cleanup;

　　}

　　wprintf(L"The file mapping (%s) is created\n", FULL_MAP_NAME);

　　// Map a view of the file mapping into the address space of the current

　　// process.

　　pView = MapViewOfFile(

　　hMapFile, // Handle of the map object

　　FILE_MAP_ALL_ACCESS, // Read and write access

　　0, // High-order DWORD of the file offset

　　VIEW_OFFSET, // Low-order DWORD of the file offset

　　VIEW_SIZE // The number of bytes to map to view

　　);

　　if (pView == NULL)

　　{

　　wprintf(L"MapViewOfFile failed w/err 0x%08lx\n", GetLastError());

　　goto Cleanup;

　　}

　　wprintf(L"The file view is mapped\n");

　　// Prepare a message to be written to the view.

　　PWSTR pszMessage = MESSAGE;

　　DWORD cbMessage = (wcslen(pszMessage) + 1) * sizeof(*pszMessage);

　　// Write the message to the view.

　　memcpy_s(pView, VIEW_SIZE, pszMessage, cbMessage);

　　wprintf(L"This message is written to the view:\n\"%s\"\n",

　　pszMessage);

　　// Wait to clean up resources and stop the process.

　　wprintf(L"Press ENTER to clean up resources and quit");

　　getchar();

　　Cleanup:

　　if (hMapFile)

　　{

　　if (pView)

　　{

　　// Unmap the file view.

　　UnmapViewOfFile(pView);

　　pView = NULL;

　　}

　　// Close the file mapping object.

　　CloseHandle(hMapFile);

　　hMapFile = NULL;

　　}

　　return 0;

　　}

Client完整源码

#pragma region Includes

　　#include "stdafx.h"

　　#include <aclapi.h>

　　#pragma endregion

　　#define MAP_PREFIX L"Local\\"

　　#define MAP_NAME L"SampleMap"

　　#define FULL_MAP_NAME MAP_PREFIX MAP_NAME

　　// File offset where the view is to begin.

　　#define VIEW_OFFSET 0

　　// The number of bytes of a file mapping to map to the view. All bytes of the

　　// view must be within the maximum size of the file mapping object. If

　　// VIEW_SIZE is 0, the mapping extends from the offset (VIEW_OFFSET) to the

　　// end of the file mapping.

　　#define VIEW_SIZE 1024

　　int wmain(int argc, wchar_t* argv[])

　　{

　　HANDLE hMapFile = NULL;

　　PVOID pView = NULL;

　　// Try to open the named file mapping identified by the map name.

　　hMapFile = OpenFileMapping(

　　FILE_MAP_READ, // Read access

　　FALSE, // Do not inherit the name

　　FULL_MAP_NAME // File mapping name

　　);

　　if (hMapFile == NULL)

　　{

　　wprintf(L"OpenFileMapping failed w/err 0x%08lx\n", GetLastError());

　　goto Cleanup;

　　}

　　wprintf(L"The file mapping (%s) is opened\n", FULL_MAP_NAME);

　　// Map a view of the file mapping into the address space of the current

　　// process.

　　pView = MapViewOfFile(

　　hMapFile, // Handle of the map object

　　FILE_MAP_READ, // Read access

　　0, // High-order DWORD of the file offset

　　VIEW_OFFSET, // Low-order DWORD of the file offset

　　VIEW_SIZE // The number of bytes to map to view

　　);

　　if (pView == NULL)

　　{

　　wprintf(L"MapViewOfFile failed w/err 0x%08lx\n", GetLastError());

　　goto Cleanup;

　　}

　　wprintf(L"The file view is mapped\n");

　　// Read and display the content in view.

　　wprintf(L"Read from the file mapping:\n\"%s\"\n", (PWSTR)pView);

　　// Wait to clean up resources and stop the process.

　　wprintf(L"Press ENTER to clean up resources and quit");

　　getchar();

　　Cleanup:

　　if (hMapFile)

　　{

　　if (pView)

　　{

　　// Unmap the file view.

　　UnmapViewOfFile(pView);

　　pView = NULL;

　　}

　　// Close the file mapping object.

　　CloseHandle(hMapFile);

　　hMapFile = NULL;

　　}

　　return 0;

　　}