show global status where Variable_name in('com_select','com_insert','com_delete','com_update');
等待10秒
磁盘IOPS计算与测量
IOPS 是指单位时间内系统能处理的I/O请求数量，一般以每秒处理的I/O请求数量为单位，I/O请求通常为读或写数据操作请求。随机读写频繁的应用，如OLTP，IOPS是关键衡量指标。
数据吞吐量(Throughput)，指单位时间内可以成功传输的数据数量。对于大量顺序读写的应用，如VOD(Video On Demand)，则更关注吞吐量指标。
磁盘完成一个I/O请求所花费的时间，它由寻道时间、旋转延迟和数据传输时间三部分构成。
寻道时间Tseek是指将读写磁头移动至正确的磁道上所需要的时间。寻道时间越短，I/O操作越快，目前磁盘的平均寻道时间一般在3－15ms。
旋转延迟Trotation是指盘片旋转将请求数据所在扇区移至读写磁头下方所需要的时间。旋转延迟取决于磁盘转速，通常使用磁盘旋转一周所需时间的1/2表示。比如，7200 rpm的磁盘平均旋转延迟大约为60*1000/7200/2 = 4.17ms，而转速为15000 rpm的磁盘其平均旋转延迟约为2ms。
数据传输时间Ttransfer是指完成传输所请求的数据所需要的时间，它取决于数据传输率，其值等于数据大小除以数据传输率。目前IDE/ATA能达到133MB/s，SATA II可达到300MB/s的接口数据传输率，数据传输时间通常远小于前两部分时间。
因此，理论上可以计算出磁盘的平均最大IOPS，即IOPS = 1000 ms/ (Tseek + Troatation)，忽略数据传输时间。假设磁盘平均物理寻道时间为3ms, 磁盘转速为7200,10K,15K rpm，则磁盘IOPS理论最大值分别为，
IOPS = 1000 / (3 + 60000/7200/2) = 140
IOPS = 1000 / (3 + 60000/10000/2) = 167
IOPS = 1000 / (3 + 60000/15000/2) = 200
固态硬盘SSD是一种电子装置， 避免了传统磁盘在寻道和旋转上的时间花费，存储单元寻址开销大大降低，因此IOPS可以非常高，能够达到数万甚至数十万。实际测量中，IOPS数值会受到很多因素的影响，包括I/O负载特征(读写比例，顺序和随机，工作线程数，队列深度，数据记录大小)、系统配置、操作系统、磁盘驱动等等。
因此对比测量磁盘IOPS时，必须在同样的测试基准下进行，即便如何也会产生一定的随机不确定性。通常情况下，IOPS可细分为如下几个指标：
Toatal IOPS，混合读写和顺序随机I/O负载情况下的磁盘IOPS，这个与实际I/O情况最为相符，大多数应用关注此指标。
Random Read IOPS，100%随机读负载情况下的IOPS。
Random Write IOPS，100%随机写负载情况下的IOPS。
Sequential Read IOPS，100%顺序负载读情况下的IOPS。
Sequential Write IOPS，100%顺序写负载情况下的IOPS。
IOPS的测试benchmark工具主要有Iometer, IoZone, FIO等，可以综合用于测试磁盘在不同情形下的IOPS。对于应用系统，需要首先确定数据的负载特征，然后选择合理的IOPS指标进行测量和对比分析，据此选择合适的存储介质和软件系统
磁盘IOPS指标（参http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IOPS）
Some commonly accepted averages for random IO operations, calculated as 1/(seek + latency) = IOPS:
| Device | Type | IOPS | Interface | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 7,200 rpm SATA drives | HDD | ~75-100 IOPS[2] | SATA 3 Gbit/s | |
| 10,000 rpm SATA drives | HDD | ~125-150 IOPS[2] | SATA 3 Gbit/s | |
| 10,000 rpm SAS drives | HDD | ~140 IOPS[2] | SAS | |
| 15,000 rpm SAS drives | HDD | ~175-210 IOPS[2] | SAS |
Solid State Devices
| Device | Type | IOPS | Interface | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Simple SLC SSD | SSD | ~400 IOPS[citation needed] | SATA 3 Gbit/s | |
| Intel X25-M G2(MLC) | SSD | ~8,600 IOPS[11] | SATA 3 Gbit/s | Intel's data sheet[12] claims 6,600/8,600 IOPS (80 GB/160 GB version) and 35,000 IOPS for random 4 KB writes and reads, respectively. |
| Intel X25-E(SLC) | SSD | ~5,000 IOPS[13] | SATA 3 Gbit/s | Intel's data sheet[14] claims 3,300 IOPS and 35,000 IOPS for writes and reads, respectively. 5,000 IOPS are measured for a mix. Intel X25-E G1 has around 3 times higher IOPS compared to the Intel X25-M G2.[15] |
| G.Skill Phoenix Pro | SSD | ~20,000 IOPS[16] | SATA 3 Gbit/s | SandForce-1200 based SSD drives with enhanced firmware, states up to 50,000 IOPS, but benchmarking shows for this particular drive ~25,000 IOPS for random read and ~15,000 IOPS for random write.[16] |
| OCZ Vertex 3 | SSD | Up to 60,000 IOPS[17] | SATA 6 Gbit/s | Random Write 4 KB (Aligned) |
| Corsair Force Series GT | SSD | Up to 85,000 IOPS[18] | SATA 6 Gbit/s | 240 GB Drive, 555 MB/s sequential read & 525 MB/s sequential write, Random Write 4 KB Test (Aligned) |
| OCZ Vertex 4 | SSD | Up to 120,000 IOPS[19] | SATA 6 Gbit/s | 256 GB Drive, 560 MB/s sequential read & 510 MB/s sequential write, Random Read 4 KB Test 90K IOPS, Random Write 4 KB Test 85K IOPS |
| Texas Memory Systems RamSan-20 | SSD | 120,000+ Random Read/Write IOPS[20] | PCIe | Includes RAM cache |
| Fusion-ioioDrive | SSD | 140,000 Read IOPS, 135,000 Write IOPS[21] | PCIe | |
| Virident SystemstachIOn | SSD | 320,000 sustained READ IOPS using 4KB blocks and 200,000 sustained WRITE IOPS using 4KB blocks[22] | PCIe | |
| OCZ RevoDrive 3 X2 | SSD | 200,000 Random Write 4K IOPS[23] | PCIe | |
| Fusion-io ioDrive Duo | SSD | 250,000+ IOPS[24] | PCIe | |
| Violin MemoryViolin 3200 | SSD | 250,000+ Random Read/Write IOPS[25] | PCIe /FC/Infiniband/iSCSI | Flash Memory Array |
| WHIPTAIL, ACCELA | SSD | 250,000/200,000+ Write/Read IOPS[26] | Fibre Channel, iSCSI, Infiniband/SRP, NFS, CIFS | Flash Based Storage Array |
| DDRdrive X1, | SSD | 300,000+ (512B Random Read IOPS) and 200,000+ (512B Random Write IOPS)[27][28][29][30] | PCIe | |
| SolidFireSF3010/SF6010 | SSD | 250,000 4KB Read/Write IOPS[31] | iSCSI | Flash Based Storage Array (5RU) |
| Texas Memory Systems RamSan-720 Appliance | SSD | 500,000 Optimal Read, 250,000 Optimal Write 4KB IOPS[32] | FC / InfiniBand | |
| OCZ Single SuperScale Z-Drive R4 PCI-Express SSD | SSD | Up to 500,000 IOPS[33] | PCIe | |
| WHIPTAIL,INVICTA | SSD | 650,000/550,000+ Read/Write IOPS[34] | Fibre Channel, iSCSI, Infiniband/SRP, NFS | Flash Based Storage Array |
| Violin MemoryViolin 6000 | 3RU Flash Memory Array | 1,000,000+ Random Read/Write IOPS[35] | /FC/Infiniband/10Gb(iSCSI)/ PCIe | |
| Texas Memory Systems RamSan-630 Appliance | SSD | 1,000,000+ 4KB Random Read/Write IOPS[36] | FC / InfiniBand | |
| Fusion-io ioDrive Octal (single PCI Express card) | SSD | 1,180,000+ Random Read/Write IOPS[37] | PCIe | |
| OCZ 2x SuperScale Z-Drive R4 PCI-Express SSD | SSD | Up to 1,200,000 IOPS[33] | PCIe | |
| Texas Memory Systems RamSan-70 | SSD | 1,200,000 Random Read/Write IOPS[38] | PCIe | Includes RAM cache |
| Kaminario K2 | Flash/DRAM/Hybrid SSD | Up to 1,200,000 IOPS SPC-1 IOPS with the K2-D (DRAM)[39][40] | FC | |
| NetApp FAS6240 cluster | Flash/Disk | 1,261,145 SPECsfs2008 nfsv3 IOPs using disks with virtual storage tiering.[41] | NFS, CIFS, FC, FCoE, iSCSI | SPECsfs2008 is the latest version of the Standard Performance Evaluation Corporation benchmark suite measuring file server throughput and response time, providing a standardized method for comparing performance across different vendor platforms. http://www.spec.org/sfs2008/ |
| Fusion-io ioDrive2 | SSD | Up to 9,608,000 IOPS[42] | PCIe |
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