用SpringCloud搭建Rest风格的环境
配置总pom文件
- 先构建一个maven项目作为管理所有maven依赖的，今后的所有服务均是其模块，体现了模块化的开发思想，依赖如下：
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<groupId>com.czu</groupId>
<artifactId>springcloud</artifactId>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
<modules>
<module>springcloud-api</module>
<module>springcloud-provider-dept-8001</module>
<module>springcloud-consumer-dept-80</module>
<module>springcloud-eureka-7001</module>
<module>springcloud-eureka-7002</module>
<module>springcloud-eureka-7003</module>
</modules>
<!-- 打包方式-->
<packaging>pom</packaging>
<!-- 定义一些版本号-->
<properties>
<junit.version>4.12</junit.version>
<lombok.version>1.18.12</lombok.version>
<log4j.version>1.2.17</log4j.version>
<logback.version>1.2.3</logback.version>
</properties>
<dependencyManagement>
<dependencies>
<!-- spingcloud的依赖-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
<version>Hoxton.SR4</version>
<type>pom</type>
<scope>import</scope>
</dependency>
<!-- springboot的依赖-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-dependencies</artifactId>
<version>2.3.0.RELEASE</version>
<type>pom</type>
<scope>import</scope>
</dependency>
<!-- 数据库-->
<dependency>
<groupId>mysql</groupId>
<artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
<version>8.0.19</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
<artifactId>druid</artifactId>
<version>1.1.22</version>
</dependency>
<!-- springboot启动器-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.mybatis.spring.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>mybatis-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
<version>2.1.2</version>
</dependency>
<!-- junit-->
<dependency>
<groupId>junit</groupId>
<artifactId>junit</artifactId>
<version>${junit.version}</version>
</dependency>
<!-- lombok-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
<artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
<version>${lombok.version}</version>
</dependency>
<!-- log4j-->
<dependency>
<groupId>log4j</groupId>
<artifactId>log4j</artifactId>
<version>${log4j.version}</version>
</dependency>
<!-- logback-->
<dependency>
<groupId>ch.qos.logback</groupId>
<artifactId>logback-core</artifactId>
<version>${logback.version}</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</dependencyManagement>
</project>
设计一个数据库用来进行数据测试
- 这里使用的是员工的数据库，我用的工具是navicat,sql语句如下：
CREATE TABLE `dept` (
`deptno` bigint(20) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT COMMENT '部门编号',
`dname` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '部门名字',
`db_source` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '数据库名字',
PRIMARY KEY (`deptno`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=6 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8
创建一个springcloud-api模块用于存放实体类
- 依赖只需要引入lombok即可：
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<parent>
<artifactId>springcloud</artifactId>
<groupId>com.czu</groupId>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
</parent>
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<artifactId>springcloud-api</artifactId>
<!-- 当前的Module自己需要的依赖，如果父依赖中已经配置了版本，这里就不用写了 -->
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
<artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</project>
- 建一个实体类
package com.czu.springcloud.pojo;
import lombok.Data;
import lombok.NoArgsConstructor;
import lombok.experimental.Accessors;
import java.io.Serializable;
/**
* 实体类 ORM mysql--dept 类表关系映射
* 注解@Accessors是支持链式写法
* @author 8768
*/
@Data
@NoArgsConstructor
@Accessors(chain = true)
public class Dept implements Serializable {
/**
* 主键,部门编号
*/
private Long deptno;
/**
* 部分名称
*/
private String dname;
/**
* 这个数据表存在哪个数据库的字段
* 微服务，可以一个服务对应一个数据库，同一个信息也可以存在不同的数据库
*/
private String db_source;
public Dept(String dname){
this.dname = dname;
}
}
搭建服务的提供者
- 构建一个springcloud-provider-dept-8001模块，我开放的端口是8001端口，下面是pom文件的内容：
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<parent>
<artifactId>springcloud</artifactId>
<groupId>com.czu</groupId>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
</parent>
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<artifactId>springcloud-provider-dept-8001</artifactId>
<build>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
<artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
<configuration>
<source>6</source>
<target>6</target>
</configuration>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>
<dependencies>
<!-- Eureka-->
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework.cloud/spring-cloud-starter-eureka -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-eureka</artifactId>
<version>1.4.7.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<!-- actuator 完善监控信息-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>
</dependency>
<!-- 我们需要拿到实体类，所以要配置api module-->
<dependency>
<groupId>com.czu</groupId>
<artifactId>springcloud-api</artifactId>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
</dependency>
<!-- junit-->
<dependency>
<groupId>junit</groupId>
<artifactId>junit</artifactId>
</dependency>
<!-- mysql-->
<dependency>
<groupId>mysql</groupId>
<artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
</dependency>
<!-- druid-->
<dependency>
<groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
<artifactId>druid</artifactId>
</dependency>
<!-- logback-->
<dependency>
<groupId>ch.qos.logback</groupId>
<artifactId>logback-core</artifactId>
</dependency>
<!-- springboot-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.mybatis.spring.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>mybatis-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
</dependency>
<!-- test-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-test</artifactId>
</dependency>
<!-- web-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
<version>2.2.6.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<!-- jetty-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-jetty</artifactId>
</dependency>
<!-- 热部署工具-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</project>
- 创建一个mybatis-config.xml文件，注意maven项目所有的配置文件均在resources目录下：
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE configuration
PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Config 3.0//EN"
"http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-config.dtd">
<configuration>
<settings>
<!-- 开启二级缓存-->
<setting name="cacheEnabled" value="true"/>
</settings>
</configuration>
- 创建一个mapper包下的DeptMapper.xml文件：
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE mapper
PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Config 3.0//EN"
"http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd">
<mapper namespace="com.czu.springcloud.dao.DeptDao">
<insert id="addDept" parameterType="Dept">
insert into dept(dname,db_source)
values (#{dname},DATABASE());
</insert>
<select id="queryById" resultType="Dept" parameterType="Long">
select * from dept where deptno = #{deptno};
</select>
<select id="queryAll" resultType="Dept">
select * from dept;
</select>
</mapper>
- 创建一个application.yml文件，里面还配置了相关服务注册的信息，用eureka实现，还有一些数据库的连接，以及端口的配置：
server:
port: 8001
#mybatis配置
mybatis:
type-aliases-package: com.czu.springcloud.pojo
config-location: classpath:mybatis/mybatis-config.xml
mapper-locations: classpath:mybatis/mapper/*.xml
#spring的配置
spring:
application:
name: springcloud-provider-dept
datasource:
#数据源
type: com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource
driver-class-name: com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver
url: jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/db01?serverTimezone=UTC&useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf-8
username: root
password: root
#Eureka的配置，服务注册到哪里
eureka:
client:
service-url:
defaultZone: http://localhost:7001/eureka/,http://localhost:7002/eureka/,http://localhost:7003/eureka/
instance:
instance-id: springcloud-provider-dept8001 #修改Eureka上的默认描述信息
#info配置
info:
app.name: hzy-springcloud
company.name: https://blog.csdn.net/hzyzzz
- 创建一个dao层，创建一个DeptDao接口，代码如下：
package com.czu.springcloud.dao;
import com.czu.springcloud.pojo.Dept;
import org.apache.ibatis.annotations.Mapper;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Repository;
import java.util.List;
/**
* dao层接口
* @author 87682
*/
@Mapper
@Repository
public interface DeptDao {
/**
* 添加部门
* @param dept
* @return
*/
public boolean addDept(Dept dept);
/**
* 根据id查询部门信息
* @param id
* @return
*/
public Dept queryById(Long id);
/**
* 查询所有部门信息
* @return
*/
public List<Dept> queryAll();
}
- 创建一个service层，并且创建接口及其实现类：
package com.czu.springcloud.service;
import com.czu.springcloud.pojo.Dept;
import java.util.List;
/**
* service层接口
* @author 87682
*/
public interface DeptService {
/**
* 添加部门
* @param dept
* @return
*/
public boolean addDept(Dept dept);
/**
* 根据id查询部门信息
* @param id
* @return
*/
public Dept queryById(Long id);
/**
* 查询所有部门信息
* @return
*/
public List<Dept> queryAll();
}
package com.czu.springcloud.service.impl;
import com.czu.springcloud.dao.DeptDao;
import com.czu.springcloud.pojo.Dept;
import com.czu.springcloud.service.DeptService;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
import java.util.List;
/**
* DeptService实现类
* @author 87682
*/
@Service
public class DeptServiceImpl implements DeptService {
@Autowired
private DeptDao deptDao;
@Override
public boolean addDept(Dept dept) {
return deptDao.addDept(dept);
}
@Override
public Dept queryById(Long id) {
return deptDao.queryById(id);
}
@Override
public List<Dept> queryAll() {
return deptDao.queryAll();
}
}
- controller层
package com.czu.springcloud.controller;
import com.czu.springcloud.pojo.Dept;
import com.czu.springcloud.service.DeptService;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.cloud.client.ServiceInstance;
import org.springframework.cloud.client.discovery.DiscoveryClient;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PostMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
import java.util.List;
/**
* 提供Restful服务！
* @author 87682
*/
@RestController
public class DeptController {
@Autowired
private DeptService deptService;
/**
* 获取一些配置的信息，得到具体的微服务
*/
@Autowired
private DiscoveryClient client;
@PostMapping("/dept/add")
public boolean addDept(Dept dept){
return deptService.addDept(dept);
}
@GetMapping("/dept/get/{id}")
public Dept get(@PathVariable("id") Long id){
return deptService.queryById(id);
}
@GetMapping("/dept/list")
public List<Dept> queryAll(){
return deptService.queryAll();
}
/**
* 注册进来的微服务，获取一些信息
*/
@GetMapping("/dept/discovery")
public Object discovery(){
//获取微服务列表的清单
List<String> services = client.getServices();
System.out.println("discovery=>services:"+services);
//得到一个具体的微服务的信息，通过具体的微服务id，也就是具体的applicationName
List<ServiceInstance> instances = client.getInstances("SPRINGCLOUD-PROVIDER-DEPT");
for (ServiceInstance instance : instances) {
System.out.println(
instance.getHost()+"\t"+
instance.getPort()+"\t"+
instance.getUri()+"\t"+
instance.getServiceId()
);
}
return this.client;
}
}
- 配置一个启动类运行即可：
package com.czu.springcloud;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.cloud.client.discovery.EnableDiscoveryClient;
import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.eureka.EnableEurekaClient;
/**
* 启动类
* @EnableEurekaClient 将客户端自动注册到服务端
* @EnableDiscoveryClient 服务发现
* @author 8768
*/
@SpringBootApplication
@EnableEurekaClient
@EnableDiscoveryClient
public class DeptProvider_8001 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(DeptProvider_8001.class,args);
}
}
构建一个服务消费者模块
- pom文件配置：
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<parent>
<artifactId>springcloud</artifactId>
<groupId>com.czu</groupId>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
</parent>
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<artifactId>springcloud-consumer-dept-80</artifactId>
<!-- 实体类+web+热部署工具-->
<dependencies>
<!-- Ribbon-->
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework.cloud/spring-cloud-starter-ribbon -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-ribbon</artifactId>
<version>1.4.7.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<!-- Eureka-->
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework.cloud/spring-cloud-starter-eureka -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-eureka</artifactId>
<version>1.4.7.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.czu</groupId>
<artifactId>springcloud-api</artifactId>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</project>
- 配置一个核心的RestTemplate配置文件
package com.czu.springcloud.config;
import org.springframework.cloud.client.loadbalancer.LoadBalanced;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;
/**
* @author 87682
*/
@Configuration
public class ConfigBean {
/**
* @Configuration相当于spring里面的applicationContext.xml
* 配置负载均衡实现RestTemplate
* @LoadBalanced Ribbon的作用
* @return
*/
@Bean
@LoadBalanced
public RestTemplate getRestTemplate(){
return new RestTemplate();
}
}
- 通过之前配置的getRestTemplate完成远程访问的功能，只需要配置访问的路径即可
package com.czu.springcloud.controller;
import com.czu.springcloud.pojo.Dept;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;
import java.util.List;
/**
* @author 87682
*/
@RestController
public class DeptConsumerController {
/**
* 理解：消费者不应该有service层
* RestTemplate ....供我们直接调用 要注册到Spring中
* (url,实体：Map , Class<T> responseType)
* 提供多种便捷访问远程http服务的方法，简单的Restful服务模板
*/
@Autowired
private RestTemplate restTemplate;
//private static final String REST_URL_PREFIX = "http://localhost:8001";
/**
* Ribbon 我们这里的地址，应该是一个变量，通过服务名来访问
*/
private static final String REST_URL_PREFIX = "http://SPRINGCLOUD-PROVIDER-DEPT";
@RequestMapping("/consumer/dept/add")
public boolean add(Dept dept){
return restTemplate.patchForObject(REST_URL_PREFIX+"/dept/add",dept,Boolean.class);
}
@RequestMapping("/consumer/dept/get/{id}")
public Dept get(@PathVariable("id") Long id){
return restTemplate.getForObject(REST_URL_PREFIX+"/dept/get"+id,Dept.class);
}
@RequestMapping("/consumer/dept/list")
public List<Dept> list(){
return restTemplate.getForObject(REST_URL_PREFIX+"/dept/list",List.class);
}
}
- 启动类如下：
package com.czu.springcloud;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.eureka.EnableEurekaClient;
/**
* 启动类
* @author 87682
*/
@SpringBootApplication
@EnableEurekaClient
public class DeptConsumer_80 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(DeptConsumer_80.class,args);
}
}
- 别忘记配置端口，创建application.yml，因为一般用户都是以80端口访问的
server:
port: 80
#Eureka配置
eureka:
client:
register-with-eureka: false #不向Eureka中注册自己
service-url:
defaultZone: http://localhost:7001/eureka/,http://localhost:7002/eureka/,http://localhost:7003/eureka/
以上就是搭建Rest风格的服务通信的一个模板，构建springcloud的微服务的第一步就是此步，今后可以做一些服务注册发现，集群和负载均衡，包括服务降级等等，模块越多运行消耗的内存也就越多。
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