CodeForces450B Jzzhu and Sequences (矩阵快速幂)

 

Jzzhu has invented a kind of sequences, they meet the following property:

You are given x and y, please calculate fn modulo 1000000007 (109 + 7).

Input

The first line contains two integers x and y (|x|, |y| ≤ 109). The second line contains a single integer n (1 ≤ n ≤ 2·109).

Output

Output a single integer representing fn modulo 1000000007 (109 + 7).

Example

Input

2 3
3

Output

1

Input

0 -1
2

Output

1000000006

Note

In the first sample, f2 = f1 + f3, 3 = 2 + f3, f3 = 1.

In the second sample, f2 =  - 1;  - 1 modulo (109 + 7) equals (109 + 6).

 

 

 

 

题目大意：输入x，y，n，f(1) = x, f(2) = y,求f(n);

思路：从题意可知：f(n) = f(n-1) + f(n+1), 即f(n+1) = f(n) - f(n-1)....看上去是不是特别想斐波那契数列。。。。可以求得系数矩阵 A = {{1，-1}{1，0}}，所以可以通过矩阵快速幂来求出f[n]。

x[1] = {f[2],-f[1]},所以x[n] = {f[n+1],-f[n]},，因为要求f[n]的值，所以我们要求的是x[n-1],即A^(n-2) * X1 = X(n-1)，所以calcu(n-2)。

代码如下：

 

#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
#define ll long long

const ll mod = 1e9+7;
ll x,y,n;
struct Matrix{
	ll a[3][3];
}ori,res;

void Init(){
	ori.a[0][0] = ori.a[1][0] = 1;
	ori.a[0][1] = -1;
	ori.a[1][1] = 0;
	memset(res.a,0,sizeof(res));
	for(int i = 0; i < 2; i ++) res.a[i][i] = 1;
}

Matrix multiply(Matrix x, Matrix y){
	Matrix temp;
	memset(temp.a,0,sizeof(temp.a));
	for(int i = 0; i < 2; i ++){
		for(int j = 0; j < 2; j ++){
			for(int k = 0; k < 2; k ++){
				temp.a[i][j] += (x.a[i][k] * y.a[k][j] % mod);
				temp.a[i][j] %= mod;
			}
		}
	}
	return temp;
}

void calcu(int n){
	Matrix temp;
	while(n){
		if(n & 1) res = multiply(res,ori);
		n >>= 1;
		ori = multiply(ori,ori);
	}
	memset(temp.a,0,sizeof(temp.a));
	temp.a[0][0] = y; temp.a[1][0] = x;
	res = multiply(res,temp);
	printf("%lld\n",(res.a[0][0] + mod) % mod);
}

int main(){
	while(~scanf("%lld%lld%lld",&x,&y,&n)){
		Init();
		if(n == 1) printf("%lld\n",(x + mod) % mod);
		else if(n == 2) printf("%lld\n",(y + mod) % mod);
		else calcu(n-2);//f(n+1) = f(n) -f(n-1),
	}
	return 0;
}