python numpy

1、hstack()&vstack()

import numpy as np
a = [1,2,3]
b = [3,4,5]
a1 = [[1],[2],[3]]
b1 = [[2],[2],[3]]
c = np.hstack((a,b))
c1 = np.hstack((a1,b1))
d = np.vstack((a,b))
d1 = np.vstack((a1,b1))
print(c)
print(c1)
print(d)
print(d1)

[1 2 3 3 4 5]

[[1 2]
 [2 2]
 [3 3]]

[[1 2 3]
 [3 4 5]]

[[1]
 [2]
 [3]
 [2]
 [2]
 [3]]

横向和纵向的合并，其中参数可以是元组，列表，或者numpy数组，返回结果为numpy的数组。

 

2、numpy.genfromtx("exm.txt",delimiter="",dtype = float)

读取txt文件,delimiter是划分依据，dtype是读取的数据类型。

 

3、.shape  .dtype  .astype(object)

查看结构，查看类型，类型转换

4、.arange() & .linspace()

栗子：

a = np.arange(0,20)
b = np.arange(0,20,2)
print("a:" ,a)
print("b:" ,b)

a: [ 0  1  2  3  4  5  6  7  8  9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19]
b: [ 0  2  4  6  8 10 12 14 16 18]

a = np.linspace(0,1,11)#第三个参数不写默认50
print("a:",a)

a: [0.  0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1. ]

5、 .reshape() & .ravel()

栗子：

a = np.arange(0,20)
b = a.reshape(2,10)#等价b = a.reshape(2,-1)
c = a.reshape(4,5)
print("b:" ,b)
print("c:" ,c)

b: [[ 0  1  2  3  4  5  6  7  8  9]
 [10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19]]
c: [[ 0  1  2  3  4]
 [ 5  6  7  8  9]
 [10 11 12 13 14]
 [15 16 17 18 19]]


a1 = b.ravel()
print("a1:" ,a1)

a1: [ 0  1  2  3  4  5  6  7  8  9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19]

 

6、.zeros((a,b))   .ones((a,b))

 

7、.random.random((a,b))

随机生成 a行b列

8、.sum()

栗子：

a = np.arange(0,20)
b = a.reshape(4,5)
c = b.sum(axis = 0)#列相加
d = b.sum(axis = 1)#行相加
e = b.sum()#总和
print("b:" ,b)
print("c:" ,c)
print("d:" ,d)
print("e:" ,e)


b: [[ 0  1  2  3  4]
 [ 5  6  7  8  9]
 [10 11 12 13 14]
 [15 16 17 18 19]]
c: [30 34 38 42 46]
d: [10 35 60 85]
e: 190

 

9、.T  .exp  .sqrt  .floor

.T  转置    .floor 向下取整

 

10、.dot() &.dot(a,b)& a*b

栗子：

a = np.array([[1,2],[2,3]])
b = a * a
c = a.dot(a)
print("b:" ,b)
print("c:" ,c)

b: [[1 4]
 [4 9]]
c: [[ 5  8]
 [ 8 13]]

 

11、.vsplit()&.hsplit()

栗子：

a = np.arange(0,20)
b = a.reshape(2,10)#等价b = a.reshape(2,-1)
c = np.vsplit(b,2)
d = np.hsplit(b,5)#返回列表
print("b:" ,b)
print("c:" ,c)
print("d:" ,d)

b: [[ 0  1  2  3  4  5  6  7  8  9]
 [10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19]]
c: [array([[0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9]]), array([[10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19]])]
d: [array([[ 0,  1],
       [10, 11]]), array([[ 2,  3],
       [12, 13]]), array([[ 4,  5],
       [14, 15]]), array([[ 6,  7],
       [16, 17]]), array([[ 8,  9],
       [18, 19]])]


d = np.hsplit(b,(4,6))#将4~6行切开
d: [array([[ 0,  1,  2,  3],
       [10, 11, 12, 13]]), 
    array([[ 4,  5],
       [14, 15]]),
     array([[ 6,  7,  8,  9],
       [16, 17, 18, 19]])]

 

12、a = b & .view() &.copy()

a=b 指向一样，同时改变   

.view()  前向复制，指向不同，但同时改变

.copy()  完全无关

 

13、

import numpy as np
a = np.arange(0,20)
b = a.reshape(2,10)
c = (b == 1)#bool类型，括号中成立的元素返回True，其他返回False
d = b.argmax(axis = 0)#返回列的最大值的索引
e = b.argmax(axis = 1)#返回行的最大值的索引
print("b:" ,b)
print("c:" ,c)
print("d:" ,d)
print("e:" ,e)

b: [[ 0  1  2  3  4  5  6  7  8  9]
 [10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19]]
c: [[False  True False False False False False False False False]
 [False False False False False False False False False False]]
d: [1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1]
e: [9 9]

14、.sort(a,axis)&.argsort()

栗子：

import numpy as np
a = np.random.random((3,4))
b = np.sort(a,axis = 0)#列排序
c = np.sort(a,axis = 1)#行排序
d = np.sort(a)#行排序
print("a:" ,a)
print("b:" ,b)
print("c:" ,c)
print("d:" ,d)

a: [[0.59680725 0.86586801 0.88862876 0.49953693]
 [0.20965139 0.6333464  0.68929673 0.65934551]
 [0.02328157 0.76293151 0.66431713 0.50473978]]
b: [[0.02328157 0.6333464  0.66431713 0.49953693]
 [0.20965139 0.76293151 0.68929673 0.50473978]
 [0.59680725 0.86586801 0.88862876 0.65934551]]
c: [[0.49953693 0.59680725 0.86586801 0.88862876]
 [0.20965139 0.6333464  0.65934551 0.68929673]
 [0.02328157 0.50473978 0.66431713 0.76293151]]
d: [[0.49953693 0.59680725 0.86586801 0.88862876]
 [0.20965139 0.6333464  0.65934551 0.68929673]
 [0.02328157 0.50473978 0.66431713 0.76293151]]

a = np.random.random((3,4))
b = np.argsort(a,axis = 0)
c = np.argsort(a,axis = 1)
d = np.argsort(a)#返回索引
print("a:" ,a)
print("b:" ,b)
print("c:" ,c)
print("d:" ,d)

a: [[0.48456124 0.19528918 0.75910547 0.20068122]
 [0.63121656 0.14947605 0.16972333 0.2755753 ]
 [0.40513823 0.60201346 0.04358978 0.32297534]]
b: [[2 1 2 0]
 [0 0 1 1]
 [1 2 0 2]]
c: [[1 3 0 2]
 [1 2 3 0]
 [2 3 0 1]]
d: [[1 3 0 2]
 [1 2 3 0]
 [2 3 0 1]]

15、.tile()

import numpy as np
a = np.array([1,2,3])
b = np.tile(a,(2,3))#扩展
print("a:" ,a)
print("b:" ,b)


a: [1 2 3]
b: [[1 2 3 1 2 3 1 2 3]
 [1 2 3 1 2 3 1 2 3]]