帮助命令
docker version # 显示 Docker 版本信息。
docker info # 显示 Docker 系统信息,包括镜像和容器数。。
docker --help # 帮助
镜像命令
列出本地主机上的镜像
docker images
示例
[root@izbp1ewxwj89u62cmh4p2nz ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
tomcat latest 5505f7218e4d 5 days ago 667MB
# 解释
REPOSITORY #镜像的仓库源
TAG #镜像的标签
IMAGE ID #镜像的ID
CREATED #镜像创建时间
SIZE #镜像大小
# 同一个仓库源可以有多个 TAG,代表这个仓库源的不同版本,我们使用REPOSITORY:TAG 定义不同的镜像,如果你不定义镜像的标签版本,docker将默认使用 lastest 镜像!
# 可选项
-a: 列出本地所有镜像
-q: 只显示镜像id
--digests: 显示镜像的摘要信息
搜索镜像
docker search
示例
[root@izbp1ewxwj89u62cmh4p2nz ~]# docker search mysql
NAME DESCRIPTION STARS OFFICIAL AUTOMATED
mysql MySQL is a widely used, open-source relation… 11028 [OK]
mariadb MariaDB Server is a high performing open sou… 4178 [OK]
mysql/mysql-server Optimized MySQL Server Docker images. Create… 820 [OK]
# docker search 某个镜像的名称 对应DockerHub仓库中的镜像
# 可选项
--filter=stars=50 #列出收藏数不小于指定值的镜像。
下载镜像
docker pull
[root@izbp1ewxwj89u62cmh4p2nz ~]# docker pull mysql #下载镜像
Using default tag: latest #不写tag,默认是latest
latest: Pulling from library/mysql
69692152171a: Already exists #分层下载
1651b0be3df3: Already exists
951da7386bc8: Already exists
0f86c95aa242: Already exists
37ba2d8bd4fe: Already exists
6d278bb05e94: Already exists
497efbd93a3e: Already exists
f7fddf10c2c2: Pull complete
16415d159dfb: Pull complete
0e530ffc6b73: Pull complete
b0a4a1a77178: Pull complete
cd90f92aa9ef: Pull complete
Digest: sha256:d50098d7fcb25b1fcb24e2d3247cae3fc55815d64fec640dc395840f8fa80969 #签名
Status: Downloaded newer image for mysql:latest
docker.io/library/mysql:latest # 真实位置
#指定版本下载
[root@izbp1ewxwj89u62cmh4p2nz ~]# docker pull mysql:5.7
删除镜像
docker rmi
docker rmi -f 镜像id # 删除单个
docker rmi -f 镜像名:tag 镜像名:tag # 删除多个
docker rmi -f $(docker images -qa) # 删除全部
容器命令
说明:有镜像才能创建容器,我们这里使用 centos 的镜像来测试,就是虚拟一个 centos !
新建容器并启动
# 命令
docker run [OPTIONS] IMAGE [COMMAND][ARG...]
# 常用参数说明
--name="Name" # 给容器指定一个名字
-d # 后台方式运行容器,并返回容器的id!
-i # 以交互模式运行容器,通过和 -t 一起使用
-t # 给容器重新分配一个终端,通常和 -i 一起使用
-P # 随机端口映射(大写)
-p # 指定端口映射(小结),一般可以有四种写法
# 测试
[root@izbp1ewxwj89u62cmh4p2nz ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
centos latest 300e315adb2f 6 months ago 209MB
# 使用centos进行用交互模式启动容器,在容器内执行/bin/bash命令!
[root@izbp1ewxwj89u62cmh4p2nz ~]# docker run -it centos /bin/bash
[root@c8daed63ccb5 /]# ls
bin dev etc home lib lib64 lost+found media mnt opt proc root run sbin srv sys tmp usr var
[root@c8daed63ccb5 /]# exit #exit # 使用 exit 退出容器
exit
列出所有运行的容器
docker ps
示例
[root@izbp1ewxwj89u62cmh4p2nz ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
53060caac23d centos "/bin/bash" 6 seconds ago Up 4 seconds objective_lichterman
# 命令
docker ps [OPTIONS]
# 常用参数说明
-a # 列出当前所有正在运行的容器 + 历史运行过的容器
-l # 显示最近创建的容器
-n=? # 显示最近n个创建的容器
-q # 静默模式,只显示容器编号。
退出容器
exit # 容器停止退出
ctrl+P+Q # 容器不停止退出
启动停止容器
docker start (容器id or 容器名) # 启动容器
docker restart (容器id or 容器名) # 重启容器
docker stop (容器id or 容器名) # 停止容器
docker kill (容器id or 容器名) # 强制停止容器
删除容器
docker rm 容器id # 删除指定容器
docker rm -f $(docker ps -a -q) # 删除所有容器
docker ps -a -q|xargs docker rm # 删除所有容器
常用其他命令
后台启动容器
# 命令
docker run -d 容器名
# 例子
docker run -d centos # 启动centos,使用后台方式启动
# 问题: 使用docker ps 查看,发现容器已经退出了!
# 解释:Docker容器后台运行,就必须有一个前台进程,容器运行的命令如果不是那些一直挂起的命
令,就会自动退出。
# 比如,你运行了nginx服务,但是docker前台没有运行应用,这种情况下,容器启动后,会立即自
杀,因为他觉得没有程序了,所以最好的情况是,将你的应用使用前台进程的方式运行启动。
查看日志
# 命令
docker logs -f -t --tail 容器id
查看容器中运行的进程信息,支持 ps 命令参数。
docker top 容器id
示例
[root@izbp1ewxwj89u62cmh4p2nz ~]# docker top 53060caac23d
UID PID PPID C STIME TTY TIME CMD
root 32035 32006 0 11:09 pts/0 00:00:00 /bin/bash
查看容器/镜像的元数据
docker inspect 容器id
示例
[root@izbp1ewxwj89u62cmh4p2nz ~]# docker inspect 53060caac23d
[
{
"Id": "53060caac23db42aa577b8c922c31daac53c3149fb9f1f679bb771b6756021f2",
"Created": "2021-06-22T03:09:42.933289912Z",
"Path": "/bin/bash",
"Args": [],
"State": {
"Status": "running",
"Running": true,
"Paused": false,
"Restarting": false,
"OOMKilled": false,
"Dead": false,
"Pid": 32035,
"ExitCode": 0,
"Error": "",
"StartedAt": "2021-06-22T03:09:43.395134378Z",
"FinishedAt": "0001-01-01T00:00:00Z"
},
"Image": "sha256:300e315adb2f96afe5f0b2780b87f28ae95231fe3bdd1e16b9ba606307728f55",
"ResolvConfPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/53060caac23db42aa577b8c922c31daac53c3149fb9f1f679bb771b6756021f2/resolv.conf",
"HostnamePath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/53060caac23db42aa577b8c922c31daac53c3149fb9f1f679bb771b6756021f2/hostname",
"HostsPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/53060caac23db42aa577b8c922c31daac53c3149fb9f1f679bb771b6756021f2/hosts",
"LogPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/53060caac23db42aa577b8c922c31daac53c3149fb9f1f679bb771b6756021f2/53060caac23db42aa577b8c922c31daac53c3149fb9f1f679bb771b6756021f2-json.log",
"Name": "/objective_lichterman",
"RestartCount": 0,
"Driver": "overlay2",
"Platform": "linux",
"MountLabel": "",
"ProcessLabel": "",
"AppArmorProfile": "",
"ExecIDs": null,
"HostConfig": {
"Binds": null,
"ContainerIDFile": "",
"LogConfig": {
"Type": "json-file",
"Config": {}
},
"NetworkMode": "default",
"PortBindings": {},
"RestartPolicy": {
"Name": "no",
"MaximumRetryCount": 0
},
"AutoRemove": false,
"VolumeDriver": "",
"VolumesFrom": null,
"CapAdd": null,
"CapDrop": null,
"CgroupnsMode": "host",
"Dns": [],
"DnsOptions": [],
"DnsSearch": [],
"ExtraHosts": null,
"GroupAdd": null,
"IpcMode": "private",
"Cgroup": "",
"Links": null,
"OomScoreAdj": 0,
"PidMode": "",
"Privileged": false,
"PublishAllPorts": false,
"ReadonlyRootfs": false,
"SecurityOpt": null,
"UTSMode": "",
"UsernsMode": "",
"ShmSize": 67108864,
"Runtime": "runc",
"ConsoleSize": [
0,
0
],
"Isolation": "",
"CpuShares": 0,
"Memory": 0,
"NanoCpus": 0,
"CgroupParent": "",
"BlkioWeight": 0,
"BlkioWeightDevice": [],
"BlkioDeviceReadBps": null,
"BlkioDeviceWriteBps": null,
"BlkioDeviceReadIOps": null,
"BlkioDeviceWriteIOps": null,
"CpuPeriod": 0,
"CpuQuota": 0,
"CpuRealtimePeriod": 0,
"CpuRealtimeRuntime": 0,
"CpusetCpus": "",
"CpusetMems": "",
"Devices": [],
"DeviceCgroupRules": null,
"DeviceRequests": null,
"KernelMemory": 0,
"KernelMemoryTCP": 0,
"MemoryReservation": 0,
"MemorySwap": 0,
"MemorySwappiness": null,
"OomKillDisable": false,
"PidsLimit": null,
"Ulimits": null,
"CpuCount": 0,
"CpuPercent": 0,
"IOMaximumIOps": 0,
"IOMaximumBandwidth": 0,
"MaskedPaths": [
"/proc/asound",
"/proc/acpi",
"/proc/kcore",
"/proc/keys",
"/proc/latency_stats",
"/proc/timer_list",
"/proc/timer_stats",
"/proc/sched_debug",
"/proc/scsi",
"/sys/firmware"
],
"ReadonlyPaths": [
"/proc/bus",
"/proc/fs",
"/proc/irq",
"/proc/sys",
"/proc/sysrq-trigger"
]
},
"GraphDriver": {
"Data": {
"LowerDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/421e7fcbb1de85fe5ac834f49d5a33babdf1e616c010108f586482c104a2d93c-init/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/13e270861e84e14b39a878ce971da6712508ece62f7d7ecdeac673d98d3bb8fb/diff",
"MergedDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/421e7fcbb1de85fe5ac834f49d5a33babdf1e616c010108f586482c104a2d93c/merged",
"UpperDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/421e7fcbb1de85fe5ac834f49d5a33babdf1e616c010108f586482c104a2d93c/diff",
"WorkDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/421e7fcbb1de85fe5ac834f49d5a33babdf1e616c010108f586482c104a2d93c/work"
},
"Name": "overlay2"
},
"Mounts": [],
"Config": {
"Hostname": "53060caac23d",
"Domainname": "",
"User": "",
"AttachStdin": true,
"AttachStdout": true,
"AttachStderr": true,
"Tty": true,
"OpenStdin": true,
"StdinOnce": true,
"Env": [
"PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin"
],
"Cmd": [
"/bin/bash"
],
"Image": "centos",
"Volumes": null,
"WorkingDir": "",
"Entrypoint": null,
"OnBuild": null,
"Labels": {
"org.label-schema.build-date": "20201204",
"org.label-schema.license": "GPLv2",
"org.label-schema.name": "CentOS Base Image",
"org.label-schema.schema-version": "1.0",
"org.label-schema.vendor": "CentOS"
}
},
"NetworkSettings": {
"Bridge": "",
"SandboxID": "6f3265ef0e3ffa1c467a1ce23d307caf8175b3bf8f14feaf4a9419b735a92c26",
"HairpinMode": false,
"LinkLocalIPv6Address": "",
"LinkLocalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
"Ports": {},
"SandboxKey": "/var/run/docker/netns/6f3265ef0e3f",
"SecondaryIPAddresses": null,
"SecondaryIPv6Addresses": null,
"EndpointID": "d5d3b9da80680dea5abc91ab75600d7ce3cea1a99c5e5b61ee9ae22b9694ea04",
"Gateway": "172.17.0.1",
"GlobalIPv6Address": "",
"GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
"IPAddress": "172.17.0.2",
"IPPrefixLen": 16,
"IPv6Gateway": "",
"MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:02",
"Networks": {
"bridge": {
"IPAMConfig": null,
"Links": null,
"Aliases": null,
"NetworkID": "f23293ac6e76b064969831bad3b00928877406bf2602425e225a3c59851fdbba",
"EndpointID": "d5d3b9da80680dea5abc91ab75600d7ce3cea1a99c5e5b61ee9ae22b9694ea04",
"Gateway": "172.17.0.1",
"IPAddress": "172.17.0.2",
"IPPrefixLen": 16,
"IPv6Gateway": "",
"GlobalIPv6Address": "",
"GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
"MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:02",
"DriverOpts": null
}
}
}
}
]
进入正在运行的容器
docker exec -it 容器id bashShell # 是在容器中打开新的终端,并且可以启动新的进程
docker attach 容器id # 直接进入容器启动命令的终端,不会启动新的进程
示例
#docker exec -it 容器id bashShell # 是在容器中打开新的终端,并且可以启动新的进程
[root@izbp1ewxwj89u62cmh4p2nz ~]# docker exec -it 53060caac23d /bin/bash
[root@53060caac23d /]# ls
bin dev etc home lib lib64 lost+found media mnt opt proc root run sbin srv sys tmp usr var
#docker attach 容器id # 直接进入容器启动命令的终端,不会启动新的进程
[root@izbp1ewxwj89u62cmh4p2nz ~]# docker attach 53060caac23d
[root@53060caac23d /]# ls
bin dev etc home lib lib64 lost+found media mnt opt proc root run sbin srv sys tmp usr var
从容器内拷贝文件到主机上
docker cp 容器id:容器内路径 目的主机路径
示例
[root@izbp1ewxwj89u62cmh4p2nz ~]# docker attach 53060caac23d
[root@53060caac23d /]# ls
bin dev etc home lib lib64 lost+found media mnt opt proc root run sbin srv sys tmp usr var
[root@53060caac23d /]# cd /home
[root@53060caac23d home]# ls
[root@53060caac23d home]# touch test.txt
[root@53060caac23d home]# ls
test.txt
[root@53060caac23d home]# exit
exit
[root@izbp1ewxwj89u62cmh4p2nz ~]# docker cp 53060caac23d:/home/test.txt /home
[root@izbp1ewxwj89u62cmh4p2nz ~]# cd /home
[root@izbp1ewxwj89u62cmh4p2nz home]# ls
admin docker-data dockerfile idea kun mysql test.txt www