Python 类继承，__bases__, __mro__, super

Python是面向对象的编程语言，也支持类继承。

>>> class Base:

... pass

...

>>> class Derived(Base):

... pass

  

这样就定义了两个类，Derived继承了Base。issubclass(a,b)可以测试继承关系：

>>> issubclass(Derived, Base)

True

  

在Python中，每个类有一个__bases__属性，列出其基类

>>> Derived.__bases__

(<class '__main__.Base'>,)

  

同C++，Python支持多重继承；

>>> class Derived2(Derived,Base):

... pass

...

Derived2继承了Derived和Base（实际中不会这么写）

>>> Derived2.__bases__

(<class '__main__.Derived'>, <class '__main__.Base'>)

  

这里，Derived,和Base的顺序不能搞反

>>> class Derived2(Base, Derived):

... pass

...

Traceback (most recent call last):

File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>

TypeError: Cannot create a consistent method resolution

order (MRO) for bases Derived, Base

  

插一段C++

C++代码

class Base{ };    class Derived: public Base{ };    class Derived2: public Base, public Derived{ };    int main(){ }

mulit_inherit.cc:7:7: warning: direct base 'Base' inaccessible in 'Derived2' due to ambiguity [enabled by default] class Derived2: public Base, public Derived{ ^

mulit_inherit.cc:7:7: warning: direct base 'Base' inaccessible in 'Derived2' due to ambiguity [enabled by default] class Derived2: public Derived, public Base{ ^

可以见，C++并没有限制书写顺序。warning指示了Derrived2中不能访问Base

Derived2 d;

Base &b = d;