3. CAS

1. CAS

CAS 是无锁化编程，涉及 3 个值，内存地址、旧值、新值。

1.1 CAS 的问题

1. ABA 问题
   解决 ABA 问题方式是：加版本号。
2. 开销问题
   自旋 CAS 如果长时间不成功，会给 CPU 带来非常大的执行开销。
3. 只能保证一个共享变量的原子操作
   解决：想办法把多个变脸合并成一个变量，进行操作。

2. 原子操作

2.1 更新基本类型类

AtomicBoolean，AtomicInteger，AtomicLong

public class UseAtomicInt {
    static AtomicInteger ai = new AtomicInteger(10);

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        ai.getAndIncrement();
        ai.incrementAndGet();
        ai.addAndGet(24);
    }
}

2.2 更新数组类

AtomicIntegerArray，AtomicLongArray，AtomicReferenceArray
拷贝原数组，改变后原数组不会发生变化。

public class AtomicArray {
    static int[] value = new int[]{1, 2};
    static AtomicIntegerArray ai = new AtomicIntegerArray(value);

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        ai.getAndSet(0, 3);
        System.out.println(ai.get(0));
        System.out.println(value[0]);//原数组不会变化
    }
}

2.3 更新引用类型

AtomicReference，AtomicMarkableReference，AtomicStampedReference

public class UseAtomicReference {
    static AtomicReference<UserInfo> atomicUserRef;

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        UserInfo user = new UserInfo("Mark", 15);//要修改的实体的实例
        atomicUserRef = new AtomicReference(user);

        UserInfo updateUser = new UserInfo("Bill", 17);
        atomicUserRef.compareAndSet(user, updateUser);

        System.out.println(atomicUserRef.get());
        System.out.println(user);
    }

    //定义一个实体类
    static class UserInfo {
        private volatile String name;
        private int age;

        public UserInfo(String name, int age) {
            this.name = name;
            this.age = age;
        }

        public String getName() {
            return name;
        }

        public int getAge() {
            return age;
        }

        @Override
        public String toString() {
            return "UserInfo{" +
                    "name='" + name + '\'' +
                    ", age=" + age +
                    '}';
        }
    }

}

public class UseAtomicStampedReference {
    static AtomicStampedReference<String> asr
            = new AtomicStampedReference("mark", 0);

    public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
        //拿到当前的版本号(旧)
        final int oldStamp = asr.getStamp();
        final String oldReference = asr.getReference();
        System.out.println(oldReference + "============" + oldStamp);

        Thread rightStampThread = new Thread(new Runnable() {
            @Override
            public void run() {
                System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + ":当前变量值："
                        + oldReference + "-当前版本戳：" + oldStamp + "-"
                        + asr.compareAndSet(oldReference,
                        oldReference + "+Java", oldStamp,
                        oldStamp + 1));
            }
        });

        Thread errorStampThread = new Thread(new Runnable() {
            @Override
            public void run() {
                String reference = asr.getReference();
                System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()
                        + ":当前变量值："
                        + reference + "-当前版本戳：" + asr.getStamp() + "-"
                        + asr.compareAndSet(reference,
                        reference + "+C", oldStamp,
                        oldStamp + 1));
            }
        });
        rightStampThread.start();
        rightStampThread.join();
        errorStampThread.start();
        errorStampThread.join();

        System.out.println(asr.getReference() + "============" + asr.getStamp());
    }
}

2.4 原子更新字段类

AtomicReferenceFieldUpdater，AtomicIntegerFieldUpdater，AtomicLongFieldUpdater