NIO
什么是NIO
jdk1.4
新的原始IO抽象
实现了netty框架
缓冲区
IO
| 类 | 字节/字符 |
|---|---|
| BufferedInputStream | 字节 |
| BufferedOutputStream | 字节 |
| BufferedReader | 字符 |
| BufferedWriter | 字符 |
NIO
Buffer
4个核心技术点
0 <= mark <=position <= limit <= capacity
capacity 缓冲区容量 代表缓冲区的大小 也就是byte[]的长度
byte[] data = new byte[]{1,2,3};
ByteBuffer buffer = ByteBuffer.wrap(data);
System.out.println(buffer.capacity());
//通过源码查看可以知道 byteBuffer 其实内部就是这个byte[]数组
limit 缓冲区限制
超出limit 会抛出 java.lang.IndexOutOfBoundsException 异常
如果不设置limit 则 limit = capacity
代码实例
public static void main(String[] args){
System.out.println("----------charBuffer------");
char[] array = new char[26];
for(char i = 'A';i<='Z';i++){
array[i-'A'] = i;
}
printlnFun(array);
CharBuffer buff = CharBuffer.wrap(array);
System.out.println("capacity " + buff.capacity());
//buff.limit(3);
buff.put(0,'?');
buff.put(1,'《');
buff.put(2,'》');
//buff.limit(5);
buff.put(3,'}');
buff.put(4,'{');
System.out.println("limit " + buff.limit());
printlnFun(array);
}
public static void printlnFun(char[] array){
for(char c : array){
System.out.print(c + "\t");
}
System.out.println();
}
输出实例
----------charBuffer------
A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
capacity 26
limit 26
? 《 》 } { F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
position 当前位置
当put()输入元素的时候 位置会自动增长，但是不会超过 limit
public static void main(String[] args){
System.out.println("-------position-------test--------");
char[] array = new char[26];
for(char i='A';i<='Z';i++){
array[i - 'A'] = i;
}
for(char c : array){
System.out.print(c + "\t");
}
System.out.println();
CharBuffer buff = CharBuffer.wrap(array);
System.out.println("capacity " + buff.capacity());
System.out.println("limit " + buff.limit());
System.out.println("position " + buff.position());
buff.position(5);
buff.put('&');
System.out.println("capacity " + buff.capacity());
System.out.println("limit " + buff.limit());
System.out.println("position " + buff.position());
buff.put('*');
System.out.println("capacity " + buff.capacity());
System.out.println("limit " + buff.limit());
System.out.println("position " + buff.position());
for(char c : array){
System.out.print(c + "\t");
}
System.out.println();
}
输出
-------position-------test--------
A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
capacity 26
limit 26
position 0
capacity 26
limit 26
position 6
capacity 26
limit 26
position 7
A B C D E & * H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
remaining() 返回 position 和 limit 之间的元素数
mark() 标记当前位置 ，通过reset()返回该位置
mark 标记的是 position的位置 所以不能大于 position
未定义 mark 会抛出 java.nio.InvalidMarkException 异常
注意事项
-
缓冲区的 capacity 不 能为负数，缓冲区的 l imit 不能为负 数，缓 冲 区 的 position 不能
为负数 。 -
position 不能大于其 limit 。
-
limit 不能大于其 capac ity 。
-
如果定义了 mark ，则在将 pos ition 或 l imit 调整为小于该 mark 的值时，该 mark 被丢弃 。
-
如果未定义 mark ，那么调用 reset（） 方法将导致抛出 InvalidMarkException 异 常 。
-
如果 position 大于新的 limit ，则 position 的值就是新 limit 的值 。
-
当 limit 和 position 值一 样时，在指定的 pos ition 写入 数据时会 出现异常，因为 此位
置是被限制的
isReadOnly() 判断缓冲区是否只读
直接缓冲区
非直接缓冲区就是jvm缓冲区，
优缺点
- 降低软件对数据的吞吐量
- 提高内存占有率
- 造成软件运行效率低
直接缓冲区直接在内核空间中进行，无需jvm缓冲区，提高程序运行效率
public static void main(String[] args){
System.out.println("-------------直接缓冲区----------");
byte[] array = new byte[10];
ByteBuffer buff = ByteBuffer.wrap(array);
boolean isDirect = buff.isDirect();//是否是直接缓冲区
System.out.println( "是否是直接缓冲区 " + isDirect);
buff = ByteBuffer.allocateDirect(100);//创建直接缓冲区
System.out.println( "是否是直接缓冲区 " + buff.isDirect());
}
还原缓冲区
clear()
public final Buffer clear ()
position = O;
limit = capacity;
mark = - 1 ;
return this;
}
通过源码可以看出 并不是真正的清除数据
缓冲区反转
flip()
通过改变position 和 limit的值实现先写后读
public static void main(String[] args){
CharBuffer buff = CharBuffer.allocate(20);
buff.put("北国风光千里冰封万里雪飘");
System.out.println("capacity " + buff.capacity() + " limit " + buff.limit() + " position " + buff.position());
buff.flip();//反转之后 就可以读取 position 和limit 之间的数据
System.out.println("capacity " + buff.capacity() + " limit " + buff.limit() + " position " + buff.position());
for(int i=0;i<buff.limit();i++){
System.out.print(buff.get());
}
}
输出
capacity 20 limit 20 position 12
capacity 20 limit 12 position 0
北国风光千里冰封万里雪飘
final boolean hasArray 是否可访问地层数组
final boolean hasRemaining 判断 position 和limit 之间是否有剩余元素
rewind 重绕此缓冲区
position = 0 mark = -1
注意
这里要区分 clear flip rewind 三个方法的区别
- clear 一切为默认 position = 0 mark = -1 limit = capaclity
- flip limit = position position = 0 mark = -1
- rewind position = 0 mark = -1
- rewind（）方法的侧重点在“重新
- clear（）方法的侧重点在“还原一切状态
- flip （） 方法的侧重点在 sub string 截取
slice 相对于数组的偏移量
byte[] source = new byte[]{1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,0};
ByteBuffer buff1 = ByteBuffer.wrap(source);
buff1.position(5);
ByteBuffer buff2 = buff1.slice();
log.info("buff1 position {} capacity {} limit {}",buff1.position(),buff1.capacity(),buff1.limit());
log.info("buff2 position {} capacity {} limit {}",buff2.position(),buff2.capacity(),buff2.limit());
buff2.put(1,(byte)100);
for(int i=0;i<source.length;i++){
System.out.print(source[i] + " ");
}
System.out.println();
log.info("buff2 偏移 {}",buff2.arrayOffset());
输出
10:56:58.371 [main] INFO com.bai.niolearn.split.SplitTest - buff1 position 5 capacity 10 limit 10
10:56:58.381 [main] INFO com.bai.niolearn.split.SplitTest - buff2 position 0 capacity 5 limit 5
1 2 3 4 5 6 100 8 9 0
10:56:58.386 [main] INFO com.bai.niolearn.split.SplitTest - buff2 偏移 5
CharBuffer 中文输出
getBytes(“utf-16BE”);
charBuff.capacity()；
buff.asCharBuffer(); 当对byte[] 进行更改的时候会更改charbuffer的值
Charset.forName(“UTF-8”).decode(buff); 则不会改变
byte[] arrays = "三声四声天下白，退去星辰与晓月".getBytes("utf-16BE");
log.info(Charset.defaultCharset().name());
ByteBuffer buff = ByteBuffer.wrap(arrays);
log.info(buff.getClass().getName());
CharBuffer charBuff = buff.asCharBuffer();
log.info(charBuff.getClass().getName());
log.info("byteBuffer position {} capacity {} limit {}",buff.position(),buff.capacity(),buff.limit());
log.info("charBuffer position {} capacity {} limit {}",charBuff.position(),charBuff.capacity(),charBuff.limit());
for(int i=0;i<charBuff.capacity();i++){
System.out.print(charBuff.get());
}
System.out.println();
输出
15:14:04.830 [main] INFO com.bai.niolearn.charbuffer.CharBufferTest - UTF-8
15:14:04.833 [main] INFO com.bai.niolearn.charbuffer.CharBufferTest - java.nio.HeapByteBuffer
15:14:04.834 [main] INFO com.bai.niolearn.charbuffer.CharBufferTest - java.nio.ByteBufferAsCharBufferB
15:14:04.834 [main] INFO com.bai.niolearn.charbuffer.CharBufferTest - byteBuffer position 0 capacity 30 limit 30
15:14:04.837 [main] INFO com.bai.niolearn.charbuffer.CharBufferTest - charBuffer position 0 capacity 15 limit 15
三声四声天下白，退去星辰与晓月
Charset.forName(“UTF-8”).decode(buff);
charBuff.limit();
byte[] arrays = "三声四声天下白，退去星辰与晓月".getBytes("UTF-8");
log.info(Charset.defaultCharset().name());
ByteBuffer buff = ByteBuffer.wrap(arrays);
log.info(buff.getClass().getName());
CharBuffer charBuff = Charset.forName("UTF-8").decode(buff);
log.info(charBuff.getClass().getName());
log.info("byteBuffer position {} capacity {} limit {}",buff.position(),buff.capacity(),buff.limit());
log.info("charBuffer position {} capacity {} limit {}",charBuff.position(),charBuff.capacity(),charBuff.limit());
for(int i=0;i<charBuff.limit();i++){
System.out.print(charBuff.get());
}
System.out.println();
输出
15:17:51.841 [main] INFO com.bai.niolearn.charbuffer.CharBufferTest - UTF-8
15:17:51.845 [main] INFO com.bai.niolearn.charbuffer.CharBufferTest - java.nio.HeapByteBuffer
15:17:51.846 [main] INFO com.bai.niolearn.charbuffer.CharBufferTest - java.nio.HeapCharBuffer
15:17:51.846 [main] INFO com.bai.niolearn.charbuffer.CharBufferTest - byteBuffer position 45 capacity 45 limit 45
15:17:51.849 [main] INFO com.bai.niolearn.charbuffer.CharBufferTest - charBuffer position 0 capacity 45 limit 15
三声四声天下白，退去星辰与晓月
其他转换
buff.asDoubleBuffer();
buff.asFloatBuffer();
buff.asIntBuffer();
其他方法
duplicate 复制缓冲区 会改变源数组
equals compareTo 比较缓冲区
compact 压缩缓冲区
扩容缓冲区
charBuffer 相关api
append
wrap
sunSequence
remaining 获取字符缓冲区长度
甬道
从目标缓冲区到文件或者缓冲区的通道
FileChannel
永远是阻塞的操作
使用示例
写入文件
FileOutputStream out = new FileOutputStream("/home/baijun/java/text.txt");
FileChannel fileChannel = out.getChannel();
ByteBuffer buff = ByteBuffer.wrap("abcdefg".getBytes());
fileChannel.write(buff);
buff.rewind();
fileChannel.position(3);
fileChannel.write(buff);
fileChannel.close();
out.close();
remaining 写入
FileOutputStream out = new FileOutputStream("/home/baijun/java/text.txt");
ByteBuffer buff1 = ByteBuffer.wrap("abcdefg".getBytes());
ByteBuffer buff2 = ByteBuffer.wrap("1234567890".getBytes());
FileChannel fileChannel = out.getChannel();
fileChannel.write(buff1);
buff2.position(4);
buff2.limit(8);
fileChannel.write(buff2);
fileChannel.close();
out.close();
多线程写入
FileOutputStream out = new FileOutputStream("/home/baijun/java/text.txt");
FileChannel channel = out.getChannel();
Thread t1 = new Thread(() -> {
try {
for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
ByteBuffer buff = ByteBuffer.wrap("三声鸡鸣天下白，退去星辰和晓月。\n".getBytes());
channel.write(buff);
Thread.sleep(1000);
}
} catch (IOException e) {
throw new RuntimeException(e);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
throw new RuntimeException(e);
}
});
Thread t2 = new Thread(() -> {
try {
for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
ByteBuffer buff = ByteBuffer.wrap("abcdefghighlmn\n".getBytes());
channel.write(buff);
Thread.sleep(1000);
}
} catch (IOException e) {
throw new RuntimeException(e);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
throw new RuntimeException(e);
}
});
t1.start();
t2.start();
t1.join();
t2.join();
channel.close();
out.close();
读取文件
int read(ByteBuffer buff)
0 没有读取到
大于0 读取到的字节长度
-1 文档末尾
FileInputStream out = new FileInputStream("/home/baijun/java/text.txt");
FileChannel channel = out.getChannel();
ByteBuffer buff = ByteBuffer.allocate(10);
while(channel.read(buff) > -1){
buff.flip();
for(int i=0;i<buff.limit();i++){
log.info("字节： {}",buff.get());
}
buff.clear();
}
channel.close();
out.close();
channel.position(5) 设置当前位置 读取的时候就从当前位置开始读取
示例
@Test
public void test3() throws IOException{
FileInputStream in = new FileInputStream("text");
FileChannel channel = in.getChannel();
ByteBuffer buff = ByteBuffer.allocate(10);
int len = -1;
while((len = channel.read(buff)) != -1){
log.info("当前长度 {}",len);
buff.clear();
}
log.info("当前长度 {}",len);
buff.clear();
channel.close();
in.close();
}
设置甬道位置和缓冲区位置进行读取
//text abcdefg
@Test
public void test4()throws IOException{
FileInputStream in = new FileInputStream("text");
FileChannel channel = in.getChannel();
ByteBuffer buffer = ByteBuffer.allocate(5);
channel.position(5);
channel.read(buffer);
byte[] array = buffer.array();
for(int i=0;i<array.length;i++){
log.info("{}",(char)array[i]);
}
channel.close();
in.close();
}
//fg "" "" ""
@Test
public void test5()throws IOException{
FileInputStream in = new FileInputStream("text");
FileChannel channel = in.getChannel();
ByteBuffer buff = ByteBuffer.allocate(5);
channel.position(2);
buff.position(2);
channel.read(buff);
byte[] array = buff.array();
for(int i=0;i<array.length;i++){
log.info("{}",(char)array[i]);
}
channel.close();
in.close();
}
// "" "" cde
多线程读取但是不互相影响，甬道读取是同步的
//多线程读取
@Test
public void test6() throws IOException {
FileInputStream in = new FileInputStream("test");
FileChannel channel = in.getChannel();
Runnable run = new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
try {
ByteBuffer buff = ByteBuffer.allocate(5);
int len = -1;
while (((len = channel.read(buff)) > -1)) {
log.info("{}:{}",Thread.currentThread().getName(),new String(buff.array(),0,len));
buff.clear();
}
} catch (IOException e) {
throw new RuntimeException(e);
}
}
};
Thread t1 = new Thread(run,"t1");
Thread t2 = new Thread(run,"t2");
t1.start();
t2.start();
try {
Thread.sleep(5000);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
throw new RuntimeException(e);
}
channel.close();
in.close();
甬道中的数据大于缓冲区的数据，缓冲区有多少就读多少
@Test
public void test7()throws IOException{
FileInputStream in = new FileInputStream("test");
FileChannel channel = in.getChannel();
ByteBuffer buff = ByteBuffer.allocate(3);
log.info("{}", channel.position());
channel.read(buff);
log.info("{}", channel.position());
channel.close();
in.close();
log.info("{}",new String(buff.array()));
}
从甬道中读取字节到缓冲区中
//从甬道中读取字节放入缓冲区中
@Test
public void test8()throws IOException{
FileInputStream in = new FileInputStream("test");
FileChannel channel = in.getChannel();
ByteBuffer buff = ByteBuffer.allocate(100);
buff.position(1);
buff.limit(3);
channel.read(buff);
channel.close();
in.close();
byte[] array = buff.array();
log.info("{}",new String(array));
}
//0 3 abc
批量写入
//批量写入
@Test
public void test9()throws IOException{
FileOutputStream out = new FileOutputStream("text");
FileChannel channel = out.getChannel();
ByteBuffer b1 = ByteBuffer.wrap("bbbbbbb".getBytes());
ByteBuffer b2 = ByteBuffer.wrap("qqqqqqq".getBytes());
ByteBuffer b3 = ByteBuffer.wrap("aaaaaaa".getBytes());
channel.write(b1);
channel.write(b2);
channel.write(b3);
channel.close();
out.close();
}
批量remaining 写入
//remaining 写入甬道
@Test
public void test10()throws IOException{
FileOutputStream out = new FileOutputStream("text");
FileChannel channel = out.getChannel();
ByteBuffer b1 = ByteBuffer.wrap("abcde".getBytes());
ByteBuffer b2 = ByteBuffer.wrap("12345".getBytes());
ByteBuffer[] buff = new ByteBuffer[]{b1,b2};
b1.position(1);
b1.limit(3);
b2.position(2);
b2.limit(4);
channel.write(buff);
channel.close();
out.close();
}
批量同步写入 批量写入具有同步性
public void test11() throws IOException, InterruptedException {
FileOutputStream out = new FileOutputStream("bachText");
FileChannel channel = out.getChannel();
for(int i=0;i<10;i++){
Thread t1 = new Thread(){
@Override
public void run() {
ByteBuffer b1 = ByteBuffer.wrap("aaaa1\n".getBytes());
ByteBuffer b2 = ByteBuffer.wrap("bbbb1\n".getBytes());
ByteBuffer[] buff = new ByteBuffer[]{b1,b2};
try {
channel.write(buff);
} catch (IOException e) {
throw new RuntimeException(e);
}
}
};
Thread t2 = new Thread(){
@Override
public void run() {
ByteBuffer b1 = ByteBuffer.wrap("cccc2\n".getBytes());
ByteBuffer b2 = ByteBuffer.wrap("dddd2\n".getBytes());
ByteBuffer[] buff = new ByteBuffer[]{b1,b2};
try {
channel.write(buff);
} catch (IOException e) {
throw new RuntimeException(e);
}
}
};
t1.start();
t2.start();
}
Thread.sleep(5000);
channel.close();
out.close();
}
/**
aaaa1
bbbb1
cccc2
dddd2
aaaa1
bbbb1
aaaa1
bbbb1
cccc2
dddd2
**/
批量读
@Test
public void test12()throws IOException{
FileInputStream in = new FileInputStream("text");
FileChannel channel = in.getChannel();
ByteBuffer b1 = ByteBuffer.allocate(2);
ByteBuffer b2 = ByteBuffer.allocate(2);
ByteBuffer[] buff = new ByteBuffer[]{b1,b2};
long len = channel.read(buff);
log.info("{}",len);
b1.clear();
b2.clear();
len = channel.read(buff);
log.info("{}",len);
b1.clear();
b2.clear();
len = channel.read(buff);
log.info("{}",len);
b1.clear();
b2.clear();
channel.close();
in.close();
}
/**
4
1
-1
**/
从甬道当前位置开始读
//从甬道当前位置读取
@Test
public void test13()throws IOException{
FileInputStream in = new FileInputStream("text");
FileChannel channel = in.getChannel();
channel.position(2);
ByteBuffer b1 = ByteBuffer.allocate(2);
ByteBuffer b2 = ByteBuffer.allocate(2);
ByteBuffer[] array = new ByteBuffer[]{b1,b2};
channel.read(array);
for(int i=0;i<array.length;i++){
byte[] buff = array[i].array();
log.info("{}",new String(buff));
}
channel.close();
in.close();
}
将字节放入当前位置
//将字节放在当前位置
@Test
public void test14()throws IOException{
FileInputStream in = new FileInputStream("text");
FileChannel channel = in.getChannel();
ByteBuffer b1 = ByteBuffer.allocate(2);
ByteBuffer b2 = ByteBuffer.allocate(2);
ByteBuffer[] buffs = new ByteBuffer[]{b1,b2};
b1.position(1);
channel.read(buffs);
for(int i=0;i<buffs.length;i++){
log.info("{} {}",buffs[i].array().length,new String(buffs[i].array()));
}
channel.close();
in.close();
}
同步性
//同步性
@Test
public void test15() throws IOException, InterruptedException {
FileInputStream in = new FileInputStream("bachText");
FileChannel channel = in.getChannel();
Runnable run = ()->{
try{
ByteBuffer b1 = ByteBuffer.allocate(6);
ByteBuffer b2 = ByteBuffer.allocate(6);
ByteBuffer[] arr = new ByteBuffer[]{b1,b2};
long len = -1;
while((len = channel.read(arr))!=-1){
synchronized (this){//保证输出有序性
for(int j=0;j<arr.length;j++){
log.info("{} {}",Thread.currentThread().getName(),new String(arr[j].array()));
}
}
b1.clear();
b2.clear();
}
}catch (Exception e){
log.error(e.getMessage());
}
};
for(int i=0;i<10;i++){
Thread t1 =new Thread(run,"t1");
Thread t2 =new Thread(run,"t2");
t1.start();
t2.start();
}
Thread.sleep(5000);
channel.close();
in.close();
}
甬道中的数据大于缓冲区的数据，缓冲区有多少就读多少(与上面相同，不做示例了)
偏移量写入 long write(Bytebuffer[] srcs int offset,int length)
//注意，这里的length 指的是数组，不是元素
//偏移量写入
@Test
public void test16()throws IOException{
FileOutputStream out = new FileOutputStream("text");
FileChannel channel = out.getChannel();
ByteBuffer b1 = ByteBuffer.wrap("abcde".getBytes());
ByteBuffer b2 = ByteBuffer.wrap("12345".getBytes());
ByteBuffer[] arr = new ByteBuffer[]{b1,b2};
channel.write(ByteBuffer.wrap("hello".getBytes()));
channel.write(arr,0,1);
channel.close();
out.close();
}
将ByteBuffer 的 remaining写入通道,同步性（与上面相同不做演示）
读的操作相同，不做描述
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