C++语言解析XML文件使用最广泛的库是TinyXML,TinyXML对应的官方文档如下:
TinyXML官方文档:http://www.grinninglizard.com/tinyxmldocs/index.html
TinyXML官方教程:http://www.grinninglizard.com/tinyxmldocs/tutorial0.html
本文主要参考官方文档,梳理出几个常用的功能,详细描述参见官方文档,
1 从文件中加载XML文档
下面代码将加载一个文件并将内容展示到STDOUT:
// load the named file and dump its structure to STDOUT
void dump_to_stdout(const char* pFilename)
{
TiXmlDocument doc(pFilename);
bool loadOkay = doc.LoadFile();
if (loadOkay)
{
printf("\n%s:\n", pFilename);
dump_to_stdout( &doc ); // defined later in the tutorial
}
else
{
printf("Failed to load file \"%s\"\n", pFilename);
}
}
在main函数中的调用如下:
int main(void)
{
dump_to_stdout("example1.xml");
return 0;
}
example1.xml的内容如下:
<?xml version="1.0" ?>
<Hello>World</Hello>
执行上面程序运行结果如下:
DOCUMENT
+ DECLARATION
+ ELEMENT Hello
+ TEXT[World]
备注:函数``dump_to_stdout`` 的定义文章最后。
2 构建一个XML文档
需要构建的appsettings.xml内容如下:
<?xml version="1.0" ?>
<MyApp>
<!-- Settings for MyApp -->
<Messages>
<Welcome>Welcome to MyApp</Welcome>
<Farewell>Thank you for using MyApp</Farewell>
</Messages>
<Windows>
<Window name="MainFrame" x="5" y="15" w="400" h="250" />
</Windows>
<Connection ip="192.168.0.1" timeout="123.456000" />
</MyApp>
下面的函数将会构建这个DOM并写入到 “appsettings.xml”:
void write_app_settings_doc( )
{
TiXmlDocument doc;
TiXmlElement* msg;
TiXmlDeclaration* decl = new TiXmlDeclaration( "1.0", "", "" );
doc.LinkEndChild( decl );
TiXmlElement * root = new TiXmlElement( "MyApp" );
doc.LinkEndChild( root );
TiXmlComment * comment = new TiXmlComment();
comment->SetValue(" Settings for MyApp " );
root->LinkEndChild( comment );
TiXmlElement * msgs = new TiXmlElement( "Messages" );
root->LinkEndChild( msgs );
msg = new TiXmlElement( "Welcome" );
msg->LinkEndChild( new TiXmlText( "Welcome to MyApp" ));
msgs->LinkEndChild( msg );
msg = new TiXmlElement( "Farewell" );
msg->LinkEndChild( new TiXmlText( "Thank you for using MyApp" ));
msgs->LinkEndChild( msg );
TiXmlElement * windows = new TiXmlElement( "Windows" );
root->LinkEndChild( windows );
TiXmlElement * window;
window = new TiXmlElement( "Window" );
windows->LinkEndChild( window );
window->SetAttribute("name", "MainFrame");
window->SetAttribute("x", 5);
window->SetAttribute("y", 15);
window->SetAttribute("w", 400);
window->SetAttribute("h", 250);
TiXmlElement * cxn = new TiXmlElement( "Connection" );
root->LinkEndChild( cxn );
cxn->SetAttribute("ip", "192.168.0.1");
cxn->SetDoubleAttribute("timeout", 123.456); // floating point attrib
dump_to_stdout( &doc );
doc.SaveFile( "appsettings.xml" );
}
附录
Full listing for dump_to_stdout
// tutorial demo program
#include "stdafx.h"
#include "tinyxml.h"
// ----------------------------------------------------------------------
// STDOUT dump and indenting utility functions
// ----------------------------------------------------------------------
const unsigned int NUM_INDENTS_PER_SPACE=2;
const char * getIndent( unsigned int numIndents )
{
static const char * pINDENT=" + ";
static const unsigned int LENGTH=strlen( pINDENT );
unsigned int n=numIndents*NUM_INDENTS_PER_SPACE;
if ( n > LENGTH ) n = LENGTH;
return &pINDENT[ LENGTH-n ];
}
// same as getIndent but no "+" at the end
const char * getIndentAlt( unsigned int numIndents )
{
static const char * pINDENT=" ";
static const unsigned int LENGTH=strlen( pINDENT );
unsigned int n=numIndents*NUM_INDENTS_PER_SPACE;
if ( n > LENGTH ) n = LENGTH;
return &pINDENT[ LENGTH-n ];
}
int dump_attribs_to_stdout(TiXmlElement* pElement, unsigned int indent)
{
if ( !pElement ) return 0;
TiXmlAttribute* pAttrib=pElement->FirstAttribute();
int i=0;
int ival;
double dval;
const char* pIndent=getIndent(indent);
printf("\n");
while (pAttrib)
{
printf( "%s%s: value=[%s]", pIndent, pAttrib->Name(), pAttrib->Value());
if (pAttrib->QueryIntValue(&ival)==TIXML_SUCCESS) printf( " int=%d", ival);
if (pAttrib->QueryDoubleValue(&dval)==TIXML_SUCCESS) printf( " d=%1.1f", dval);
printf( "\n" );
i++;
pAttrib=pAttrib->Next();
}
return i;
}
void dump_to_stdout( TiXmlNode* pParent, unsigned int indent = 0 )
{
if ( !pParent ) return;
TiXmlNode* pChild;
TiXmlText* pText;
int t = pParent->Type();
printf( "%s", getIndent(indent));
int num;
switch ( t )
{
case TiXmlNode::DOCUMENT:
printf( "Document" );
break;
case TiXmlNode::ELEMENT:
printf( "Element [%s]", pParent->Value() );
num=dump_attribs_to_stdout(pParent->ToElement(), indent+1);
switch(num)
{
case 0: printf( " (No attributes)"); break;
case 1: printf( "%s1 attribute", getIndentAlt(indent)); break;
default: printf( "%s%d attributes", getIndentAlt(indent), num); break;
}
break;
case TiXmlNode::COMMENT:
printf( "Comment: [%s]", pParent->Value());
break;
case TiXmlNode::UNKNOWN:
printf( "Unknown" );
break;
case TiXmlNode::TEXT:
pText = pParent->ToText();
printf( "Text: [%s]", pText->Value() );
break;
case TiXmlNode::DECLARATION:
printf( "Declaration" );
break;
default:
break;
}
printf( "\n" );
for ( pChild = pParent->FirstChild(); pChild != 0; pChild = pChild->NextSibling())
{
dump_to_stdout( pChild, indent+1 );
}
}
// load the named file and dump its structure to STDOUT
void dump_to_stdout(const char* pFilename)
{
TiXmlDocument doc(pFilename);
bool loadOkay = doc.LoadFile();
if (loadOkay)
{
printf("\n%s:\n", pFilename);
dump_to_stdout( &doc ); // defined later in the tutorial
}
else
{
printf("Failed to load file \"%s\"\n", pFilename);
}
}
// ----------------------------------------------------------------------
// main() for printing files named on the command line
// ----------------------------------------------------------------------
int main(int argc, char* argv[])
{
for (int i=1; i<argc; i++)
{
dump_to_stdout(argv[i]);
}
return 0;
}