§ Transitive & Intransitive Verb

 

§ Transitive & Intransitive Verb

動詞是表示事物的動作或狀態的詞。 
根據事物的動作是否需要「承受者」這個標準,動詞可分為及物動詞
Transitive Verb 和不及物動詞 Intransitive Verb 兩種。
什麼是不及物動詞?動詞所表示的動作不需要「承受者」,就是
不及物動詞。

例如:

  The watch stops.
  The sailor dives.
  The baby sleeps.
在上述例子中,stops, dives 和 sleeps 都不需要「承受者」,
全是不及物動詞。
什麼是及物動詞?動詞所表示的動作需要「承受者」,就是
及物動詞。

例如:

  The boy eats an orange.
在上述例子中,eats 是及物動詞,因為它需要「承受者」,而
「承受者」是 orange。
         
在謂語中,表示動作的「承受者」是誰或是什麼的部分,稱為
「賓語」Object。

跟主語一樣,在賓語中,亦一定要有名詞或代名詞 *。
         
  * 在主語中出現的名詞或代名詞,它們的身份或資格,稱為「主格」
    Subjective Case 或 Nominative Case;在賓語中出現的名詞或代
    名詞,它們的身份或資格,稱為「賓格」Objective Case。
         
其他例子:
       
  The man teaches the boy.
  John studies Chinese and English.
  The merchant buys and sells the goods.
  The teacher and the student read and write Japanese and 
  French.
注意:
 
有些動詞既可以是及物動詞,亦可以是不及物動詞,究竟是何者,
就要看句子中有沒有賓語而定了。

例如:

  The train moves.﹝不及物﹞
  The boy moves the table. ﹝及物﹞
  The bus stops. ﹝不及物﹞
  The girl stops the bus. ﹝及物﹞
  The farmer returns. ﹝不及物﹞
  The merchant returns the money. ﹝及物﹞

練習

翻譯:
      
1. 這個男孩喜歡這隻白狗。
2. 這個女孩和這個婦人講英文。
3. 這兩個商人買賣橙和蘋果。
4. 這兩個老人看見一隻虎和兩隻獅子。
5. 這十隻豺狼殺死兩匹白馬。
6. 一頭牛吃草和飲水。
7. 這四個小孩睡覺。
8. 這個教師教英文和法文。
9. 這個男人打這個小孩。
10. 五匹馬跑和六隻羊跳。
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TreeTagger文本标注 附录二 TreeTagger 赋码集 (TreeTagger tagset) CC Coordinating conjunction CD Cardinal number DT Article and determiner EX Existential there FW Foreign word IN Preposition or subordinating conjunction JJ Adjective JJR Comparative adjective JJS Superlative adjective LS List item marker MD Modal verb NN Common noun, singular or mass NNS Common noun, plural NP Proper noun, singular NPS Proper noun, plural PDT Predeterminer POS Possessive ending PP Personal pronoun PP$ Possessive pronoun RB Adverb RBR Comparative adverb RBS Sup erlative adverb RP Particle SYM Symbol TO to UH Exclamation or interjection VB BE verb, base form (be) VBD Past tense verb of BE (was, were) VBG Gerund or present participle of BE verb (being) VBN Past participle of BE verb (been) VBP Present tense (other than 3rd person singular) of BE verb (am, are) VBZ Present tense (3rd person singular) of BE verb (is) VD DO verb, base form (do) VDD Past tense verb of DO (did) VDG Gerund or present participle of DO verb (doing) VDN Past participle of DO verb (done) VDP Present tense (other than 3rd person singular) of DO verb (do) VDZ Present tense (3rd person singular) of DO verb (does) VH HAVE verb, base form (have) VHD Past tense verb of HAVE (had) VHG Gerund or present participle of HAVE verb (having) VHN Past participle of HAVE verb (had) VHP Present tense (other than 3rd person singular) of HAVE verb (have) VHZ Present tense (3rd person singular) of HAVE verb (has) VV Lexical verb, base form (e.g. live) VVD Past tense verb of lexical verb (e.g. lived) VVG Gerund or present participle of lexical verb (living) VVN Past participle of lexical verb (lived, shown) VVP Present tense (other than 3rd person singular) of lexical verb (live) VVZ Present tense (3rd person singular) of lexical verb (lives) WDT Wh-determiner WP Wh-pronoun WP$ Possessive wh-pronoun WRB Wh-adverb
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