CS50 Week6 Python记录

上课笔记：

c与python的不同：

	c	python
定义函数	int/void，决定函数的返回数据类型	def，可以返回任意数据类型，也可以不返回
string	其实是char指针，可以更改本身	数据类型，不可以更改本身，对其操作实际是系统做了一个副本
内存	有integer overflow问题，有floating-point inprecision问题	没有integer overflow问题，系统自动开辟新空间，自动释放内存；有floating-point inprecision问题
数据类型	int,float,long,short,char,string…….	int,float,string int与float没有数据上限
数据结构		元组，集合，列表，字典
运行速度	快	慢，
文件运行	int main()	main()
细节	if ():	if   :不用括号
	while	i in range() i in[, , ] i in a
	printf	print() print(f"{：}“.format())
	scanf	input，输入的为字符串形式
强制类型转换	(int)a	int(a)
	if  { }	if   : 不用花括号，同样的缩进代表是同一段代码
	每个代码结束要有","	不用","，但有":"
	&& ||	and, or
	if,else	If,elif,else
	需要对变量定义数据类型并初始化 for(int i = 0,…,…)	不需要定义数据类型也不需要初始化 for i in …:
		try,except,else
		没有memory和point指针
引入库	include <>	import …  from …引入某个库中的某个函数 import … 引入某个库中的所有函数

小插曲：

课上的二维码是著名的Rick Roll梗

作业 

Lab:

# Simulate a sports tournament

import csv
import sys
import random

# Number of simluations to run
N = 1000


def main():

    # Ensure correct usage
    if len(sys.argv) != 2:
        sys.exit("Usage: python tournament.py FILENAME")

    teams = []
    # TODO: Read teams into memory from file
    filename = sys.argv[1]
    with open(filename, "r") as file:
        reader = csv.DictReader(file)
        for line in reader:
            line["rating"] = int(line["rating"])
            teams.append(line)
            print(line)

    counts = {}
    # TODO: Simulate N tournaments and keep track of win counts
    for i in range(N):
        winners = simulate_round(teams)
        for winner in winners:
            name = winner["team"]
            if name in counts:
                counts[name] += 1
            elif name not in counts:
                counts[name] = 1

    # Print each team's chances of winning, according to simulation
    for team in sorted(counts, key=lambda team: counts[team], reverse=True):
        print(f"{team}: {counts[team] * 100 / N:.1f}% chance of winning")


def simulate_game(team1, team2):
    """Simulate a game. Return True if team1 wins, False otherwise."""
    rating1 = team1["rating"]
    rating2 = team2["rating"]
    probability = 1 / (1 + 10 ** ((rating2 - rating1) / 600))
    return random.random() < probability


def simulate_round(teams):
    """Simulate a round. Return a list of winning teams."""
    winners = []

    # Simulate games for all pairs of teams
    for i in range(0, len(teams), 2):
        if simulate_game(teams[i], teams[i + 1]):
            winners.append(teams[i])
        else:
            winners.append(teams[i + 1])

    return winners


def simulate_tournament(teams):
    """Simulate a tournament. Return name of winning team."""
    # TODO


if __name__ == "__main__":
    main()

笔记：

• 打开文件的时候忘记"r"了
• teams列表中是一个个保存键值对的集合

  //最初写法
  teams.append([line["team"], int(line["rating"])])
  //后改成
  teams.append({line["team"], int(line["rating"])})
  //正确写法应为：
  line["rating"] = int(line["rating"])
              teams.append(line)
  //或者
  teams.append({"team":line["team"], "rating":int(line["rating"])})