结构体
1.定义:一个或多个变量的集合,变量的类型可能不同。
2.声明方式
struct 结构体名称{
成员1的类型 成员1的名称;
成员2的类型 成员2的名称;
...
成员n的类型 成员n的名称;
} x, y, z;
3.举例
struct student{
int number;
char name[200];
char sex[20];
int age;
} N1, N2, N3; //直接定义变量的方式
struct Department{
char name[200];
struct student N1; //结构体可作为另一个结构体的成员
};
struct Department d1; //另一种定义变量的方式
printf("学号:%d\n", d1.N1.number); //访问一个结构体中的结构体的成员
4.初始化
#include <stdio.h>
struct student{
int number;
char name[200];
char sex[10];
int age;
};
int main()
{
struct student N1 = {100102, "chen", "man", 18};
printf("学号:%d\n姓名:%s\n性别:%s\n年龄:%d\n", N1.number, N1.name, N1.sex, N1.age);
return 0;
}
结果:
4.结构体数组
#include <stdio.h>
struct student{
int number;
char name[200];
char sex[10];
int age;
};
int main()
{
int i;
struct student class1[3] = {
{100102, "chen", "man", 18},
{100103, "wang", "woman", 20},
{100104, "zhang", "man", 23},
};
for(i = 0; i < 3; i++)
printf("学号:%6d 姓名:%5s 性别:%5s 年龄:%2d\n", class1[i].number, class1[i].name, class1[i].sex, class1[i].age);
return 0;
}
结果:
5.结构体指针
#include <stdio.h>
struct Date{
int year;
int month;
int day;
};
int main()
{
struct Date a = {2020, 7, 20}, *p;
p = &a;
printf("年:%d 月:%d 日:%d\n", p->year, p->month, p->day);
return 0;
}
结果:
6.结构体作为函数参数与返回值
#include <stdio.h>
struct time{
int hour;
int minute;
int second;
};
struct time t_c(struct time now, struct time pass)
{
struct time now_pass;
now_pass.hour = now.hour + pass.hour + ((now.minute+pass.minute)/60);
if((now.minute+pass.minute)/60 > 0)
now_pass.minute = (now.minute+pass.minute)%60 + ((now.second+pass.second)/60);
else
now_pass.minute = now.minute + pass.minute + ((now.second+pass.second)/60);
if((now.second+pass.second)/60 > 0)
now_pass.second = (now.second+pass.second)%60;
else
now_pass.second = now.second + pass.second;
return now_pass;
}
int main()
{
struct time now = {15, 23, 20};
struct time pass = {1, 30, 40};
struct time now_pass;
now_pass = t_c(now, pass);
printf("现在的时间是%d:%d:%d。\n", now_pass.hour, now_pass.minute, now_pass.second);
return 0;
}
结果: