key_t ftok( char * fname, int id )
fname就时你指定的文件(存在,可以访问的)名,id是子序号。
先来简单的叙述一下,如果不太清楚的话,再接着向下看:
ftok函数是根据pathname和id来创建一个关键字(类型为 key_t),此关键字在创建信号量,创建消息队列的时候都需要使用。其中pathname必须是一个存在的可访问的路径或文件,id必须不得为0。
失败返回值为-1
ftok应用范围
英文是这样描述的; generate a key_t type System V IPC key, suitable for use with msgget(2),semget(2), or shmget(2).
系统建立IPC通讯(如消息队列、共享内存时)必须指定一个ID值。通常情况下,该id值通过ftok函数得到。
在一般的UNIX实现中,是将pathname指定文件的索引节点号取出,前面加上子序号得到key_t的返回值。
如指定文件的索引节点号为65538,换算成16进制为0x010002,而你指定的ID值为38,换算成16进制为0x26,则最后的key_t返回值为0x26010002。
查询文件索引节点号可通过命令: ls -i 来查看
nux Programmer's Manual FTOK(3)
NAME
ftok - convert a pathname and a project identifier to a System V IPC
key
SYNOPSIS
# include <sys/types.h>
# include <sys/ipc.h>
key_t ftok(const char *pathname, int proj_id);
DESCRIPTION
The ftok function uses the identity of the file named by the given pathname (which must refer to an existing, accessible file) and the
least significant 8 bits of proj_id (which must be nonzero) to generate a key_t type System V IPC key, suitable for use with msgget(2),
semget(2), or shmget(2).
The resulting value is the same for all pathnames that name the same file, when the same value of proj_id is used. The value returned should be different when the (simultaneously existing) files or the project IDs differ.
RETURN VALUE
On success the generated key_t value is returned. On failure -1 is returned, with errno indicating the error as for the stat(2) system
call.