java编写数据库连接池实例

关于数据库连接池，本文介绍了一种写法。通过继承接口的方式，采用类似builder模式来实现单库连接的连接池。详细写法见以下的四个类。

1.数据库连接信息接口

说明：将驱动、连接、数据库名、数据库密码等数据连接基础信息做成接口。

package com.et.se.db;

public interface IDataBase {
	/**
	 * 
	 * @return 数据库驱动名
	 * 注意必须加入数据库驱动包
	 */
	public String getDirver();

	/**
	 * 
	 * @return 数据库连接
	 */
	public String getConnUrl();

	/**
	 * @return 数据库用户名
	 */
	public String getUserName();

	/**
	 * 
	 * @return 数据库密码
	 */
	public String getPassword();
}

2.数据库连接信息接口实现类

说明：该方法是上述接口的一个实现类

package com.et.se.db;

/**
 * 
 * @author wangbao
 * 该类的默认驱动为 mysql-connector-java 5.0以上版本
 */
public class Mysql implements IDataBase{

	private String connurl;
	private String userName;
	private String password;
	
	public Mysql(String connurl,String userName,String password){
		this.connurl = connurl;
		this.userName = userName;
		this.password = password;
	}
	
	public Mysql(String serverName,String dbName,String userName,String password){
		this.connurl = "jdbc:mysql:"+serverName+"/"+dbName;
		this.userName = userName;
		this.password = password;
	}
	
	@Override
	public String getConnUrl() {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		return connurl;
	}

	@Override
	public String getDirver() {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		return "com.mysql.jdbc.Driver";
	}

	@Override
	public String getPassword() {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		return password;
	}

	@Override
	public String getUserName() {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		return userName;
	}

}

3.数据库连接类

说明：该方法为单个数据库的连接类，可以脱离连接池来单独使用。

package com.et.se.db;

import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.DriverManager;

public class DBConnector {
	private IDataBase db;
	private Connection conn;
	private boolean free = true;

	public DBConnector(IDataBase db) {
		this.db = db;
	}

	/**
	 * 连接数据库
	 * 
	 * @return 是否连接成功
	 */
	public Connection connect() {
		try {
			Class.forName(db.getDirver()).newInstance();
			conn = DriverManager.getConnection(db.getConnUrl(), db
					.getUserName(), db.getPassword());
			System.out.println("数据库连接成功！");
		} catch (Exception e) {
			System.out.println("数据库连接失败！");
			e.printStackTrace();
			conn = null;
		}
		return conn;
	}

	public Connection getConnection(){
		return conn;
	}
	
	/**
	 * 判断连接是否在使用
	 * 注意：在这个地方使用的是包访问权限，这一项是特地为连接池设置的，对于外面应用的类并不能读到此方法。
	 * @return
	 */
	boolean isFree() {
		return free;
	}

	/**
	 * 设置连接是否空闲
	 * @param isFree
	 */
	void setIsFree(boolean isFree) {
		this.free = isFree;
	}

	/**
	 * 关闭数据库
	 * @return 数据库是否关闭成功
	 */
	public boolean close() {
		try {
			if (conn != null) {
				conn.close();
			}
			System.out.println("关闭数据库成功！");
			return true;
		} catch (Exception e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
			return false;
		}
	}
	
	
	/**
	 * 释放连接，为连接池的重写提供接口
	 * @return
	 */
	boolean release(){
		throw new RuntimeException("do not use the connection pool,can not release.");
	}
}

4.连接池

说明：连接池的实现类

package com.et.se.db;

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;


public class DBConnectPool {
	private int iniSize = 2;  //连接池的初始大小
	private int addSize = 2;   //每次增加的大小
	private int maxSize = 4;  //最大的大小
	private IDataBase db;
	private List<DBConnector> connections = null;  //连接池，初始为空
	
	
	public DBConnectPool(IDataBase db){
		this.db = db;
		iniPool();
	}
	
	/**
	 * 初始化连接池
	 */
	public void iniPool(){
		connections = new ArrayList<DBConnector>();
		connections.addAll(addPool(iniSize));
	}
	
	/**
	 * 增加连接数
	 * @param size 要增加的数目
	 * @return
	 */
	public List<DBConnector> addPool(int size){
		List<DBConnector> subList = new ArrayList<DBConnector>();
		for(int i=0;i<size;i++){
			DBConnector conn = new DBPoolConnector(db);
			conn.connect();
			subList.add(conn);
		}
		return subList;
	}
	
	/**
	 * 判断连接数是否超过连接池的最大连接数
	 * @return 是 否
	 */
	public boolean isOverRange(){
		return connections.size()>=maxSize;
	}
	
	/**
	 * 获得空闲连接
	 * @return 连接
	 */
	public DBConnector getConnection(){
		for(DBConnector conn:connections){
			if(conn.isFree()){
				conn.setIsFree(false);
				return conn;
			}
		}
		if(isOverRange()) {
			throw new RuntimeException("The connection number is over range.");
		}
		else{
			int size = addSize;
			if((connections.size()+size)>maxSize) size = maxSize - connections.size();
			List<DBConnector> subPool= addPool(size);
			connections.addAll(subPool);
			return subPool.get(0);
		} 
	}
	
	/**
	 * 设置连接为空闲状态
	 * @param conn
	 */
	public void freeConnection(DBConnector conn){
		conn.setIsFree(true);
	}
	
	/**
	 * 释放所有的空闲连接
	 */
	public void releaseAllFree(){
		List<DBConnector> subPool = new ArrayList<DBConnector>();
		for(DBConnector conn:connections)
			if(conn.isFree()){
				subPool.add(conn);
				conn.close();
			}
		connections.removeAll(subPool);
	}
	
	/**
	 * 释放连接
	 * @param conn 要释放的连接
	 */
	public void release(DBConnector conn){
		conn.release();
		connections.remove(conn);
	}
	
	/**
	 * 释放所有连接
	 */
	public void release(){
		for(DBConnector conn:connections)
		{
			conn.release();
		}
		connections.removeAll(connections);
	}
	
	/**
	 * 设置初始化最大连接数
	 * @param iniSize
	 */
	public void setIniSize(int iniSize) {
		this.iniSize = iniSize;
	}

	/**
	 * 设置每次递增的最大数目
	 * @param addSize
	 */
	public void setAddSize(int addSize) {
		this.addSize = addSize;
	}

	/**
	 * 设置连接池的最大数目
	 * @param maxSize
	 */
	public void setMaxSize(int maxSize) {
		this.maxSize = maxSize;
	}


	/**
	 * 连接池内部类，用于管理DBConnector安全性，屏蔽close功能
	 * @author wangbao
	 *
	 */
	class DBPoolConnector extends DBConnector{

		public DBPoolConnector(IDataBase db) {
			super(db);
			// TODO Auto-generated constructor stub
		}
		
		@Override
		boolean release(){
			return super.close();
		}
		
		@Override
		public boolean close(){
			throw new RuntimeException("Can not close,please use the Connection Pool close this connection.");
		}
		
	}
	
	
	//测试编码
	public static void main(String[] args){
		IDataBase db = new Mysql("//localhost", "etocr-jy", "root","soft123456");
		DBConnectPool pool = new DBConnectPool(db);
		DBConnector conn1 = pool.getConnection();
		DBConnector conn2 = pool.getConnection();
		DBConnector conn3 = pool.getConnection();
		DBConnector conn4= pool.getConnection();
		//conn.close();
		pool.release();
	}
}

5.测试源码

    //测试编码
    public static void main(String[] args){
       IDataBase db = new Mysql("//localhost", "etocr-jy", "root","soft123456");
       DBConnectPool pool = new DBConnectPool(db);
       DBConnector conn1 = pool.getConnection();
       DBConnector conn2 = pool.getConnection();
       DBConnector conn3 = pool.getConnection();
       DBConnector conn4= pool.getConnection();
       //conn.close();
       pool.release();
    }
}