curl获取网站链接状态码status code

三颗草丶

已于 2022-05-13 17:03:17 修改

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分类专栏： linux组件文章标签： http curl

于 2022-05-05 15:52:58 首次发布

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/icanflyingg/article/details/124590091

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前言：在写一些 Shell 测试用例时需要检测 url 的状态是否为 `200`，这时如果能只获取它的状态码是最理想的，curl 可以很方便的实现。

`一、-w` 可以格式化输出 reponse 的返回结果。

[root@master ~]# curl -w '%{http_code}' https://baidu.com

<html>
<head><title>302 Found</title></head>
<body bgcolor="white">
<center><h1>302 Found</h1></center>
<hr><center>bfe/1.0.8.18</center>
</body>
</html>
302[root@master ~]#

二、访问带有跳转性质的网站，我们还需要加上 `-L` 做进一步跳转，同时为了避免当资源过大请求缓慢的情况，通过 `-I` 只返回头信息

[root@master ~]# curl -IL -w '%{http_code}' https://baidu.com


HTTP/1.1 302 Moved Temporarily
Server: bfe/1.0.8.18
Date: Thu, 05 May 2022 07:47:12 GMT
Content-Type: text/html
Content-Length: 161
Connection: keep-alive
Location: http://www.baidu.com/

HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Accept-Ranges: bytes
Cache-Control: private, no-cache, no-store, proxy-revalidate, no-transform
Connection: keep-alive
Content-Length: 277
Content-Type: text/html
Date: Thu, 05 May 2022 07:47:13 GMT
Etag: "575e1f6f-115"
Last-Modified: Mon, 13 Jun 2016 02:50:23 GMT
Pragma: no-cache
Server: bfe/1.0.8.18

200[root@master ~]#

三、然后隐藏掉打印信息，将打印的结果输出到 `/dev/null`

[root@master ~]# curl -IL -w '%{http_code}' https://baidu.com -o /dev/null


% Total    % Received % Xferd  Average Speed   Time    Time     Time  Current
                                 Dload  Upload   Total   Spent    Left  Speed
0   161    0     0    0     0      0      0 --:--:-- --:--:-- --:--:--     0
0   277    0     0    0     0      0      0 --:--:-- --:--:-- --:--:--     0
200[root@master ~]#

四、继续使用 `-s` 不显示进度和错误信息

[root@master ~]# curl -sIL -w '%{http_code}' https://baidu.com -o /dev/null
200[root@master ~]#

五、默认输出是不换行的，

方法一：输出换行

[root@master ~]# curl -sIL -w "%{http_code}\n" -o /dev/null https://baidu.com
200
[root@master ~]#

方法二：使用 echo

[root@master ~]# echo $(curl -sIL -w "%{http_code}" -o /dev/null https://baidu.com)
200
[root@master ~]#

-w 的一些其它参数

url_effective 最终获取的url地址，尤其是当你指定给curl的地址存在301跳转，且通过-L继续追踪的情形。
http_code http状态码，如200成功,301转向,404未找到,500服务器错误等。(The numerical response code that was found in the last retrieved HTTP(S) or FTP(s) transfer. In 7.18.2 the alias response_code was added to show the same info.)
http_connect The numerical code that was found in the last response (from a proxy) to a curl CONNECT request. (Added in 7.12.4)
time_total 总时间，按秒计。精确到小数点后三位。（The total time, in seconds, that the full operation lasted. The time will be displayed with millisecond resolution.）
time_namelookup DNS解析时间,从请求开始到DNS解析完毕所用时间。(The time, in seconds, it took from the start until the name resolving was completed.)
time_connect 连接时间,从开始到建立TCP连接完成所用时间,包括前边DNS解析时间，如果需要单纯的得到连接时间，用这个time_connect时间减去前边time_namelookup时间。以下同理，不再赘述。(The time, in seconds, it took from the start until the TCP connect to the remote host (or proxy) was completed.)
time_appconnect 连接建立完成时间，如SSL/SSH等建立连接或者完成三次握手时间。(The time, in seconds, it took from the start until the SSL/SSH/etc connect/handshake to the remote host was completed. (Added in 7.19.0))
time_pretransfer 从开始到准备传输的时间。(The time, in seconds, it took from the start until the file transfer was just about to begin. This includes all pre-transfer commands and negotiations that are specific to the particular protocol(s) involved.)
time_redirect 重定向时间，包括到最后一次传输前的几次重定向的DNS解析，连接，预传输，传输时间。(The time, in seconds, it took for all redirection steps include name lookup, connect, pretransfer and transfer before the final transaction was started. time_redirect shows the complete execution time for multiple redirections. (Added in 7.12.3))
time_starttransfer 开始传输时间。在发出请求之后，Web 服务器返回数据的第一个字节所用的时间(The time, in seconds, it took from the start until the first byte was just about to be transferred. This includes time_pretransfer and also the time the server needed to calculate the result.)
size_download 下载大小。(The total amount of bytes that were downloaded.)
size_upload 上传大小。(The total amount of bytes that were uploaded.)
size_header 下载的header的大小(The total amount of bytes of the downloaded headers.)
size_request 请求的大小。(The total amount of bytes that were sent in the HTTP request.)
speed_download 下载速度，单位-字节每秒。(The average download speed that curl measured for the complete download. Bytes per second.)
speed_upload 上传速度,单位-字节每秒。(The average upload speed that curl measured for the complete upload. Bytes per second.)
content_type 就是content-Type，不用多说了，这是一个访问我博客首页返回的结果示例(text/html; charset=UTF-8)；(The Content-Type of the requested document, if there was any.)
num_connects 最近的的一次传输中创建的连接数目。Number of new connects made in the recent transfer. (Added in 7.12.3)
num_redirects 在请求中跳转的次数。Number of redirects that were followed in the request. (Added in 7.12.3)
redirect_url When a HTTP request was made without -L to follow redirects, this variable will show the actual URL a redirect would take you to. (Added in 7.18.2)
ftp_entry_path 当连接到远程的ftp服务器时的初始路径。The initial path libcurl ended up in when logging on to the remote FTP server. (Added in 7.15.4)
ssl_verify_result ssl认证结果，返回0表示认证成功。( The result of the SSL peer certificate verification that was requested. 0 means the verification was successful. (Added in 7.19.0))