使用parted工具 创建GPT分区，并进行扩容

[root@localhost ~]# fdisk -l         #查看当前分区状态
Disk /dev/sda: 42.9 GB, 42949672960 bytes, 83886080 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x000c54be
   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sda1   *        2048     2099199     1048576   83  Linux
/dev/sda2         2099200    83886079    40893440   8e  Linux LVM
Disk /dev/mapper/centos-root: 39.7 GB, 39720058880 bytes, 77578240 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk /dev/mapper/centos-swap: 2147 MB, 2147483648 bytes, 4194304 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

Disk /dev/sdb: 10.7 GB, 10737418240 bytes, 20971520 sectors        #未分区磁盘
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

创建分区

[root@localhost ~]# parted /dev/sdb    #使用parted工具选择未分区磁盘/dev/sdb
GNU Parted 3.1
Using /dev/sdb
Welcome to GNU Parted! Type 'help' to view a list of commands.
(parted) mklabel gpt                     #标记为GPT
(parted) p                                                                
Model: VMware Virtual disk (scsi)
Disk /dev/sdb: 10.7GB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B
Partition Table: gpt
Disk Flags: 
Number  Start  End  Size  File system  Name  Flags

(parted) mkpart primary 0% 100%           #选择100%空间创建主分区
(parted) p                                                                
Model: VMware Virtual disk (scsi)
Disk /dev/sdb: 10.7GB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B
Partition Table: gpt
Disk Flags: 
Number  Start   End     Size    File system  Name     Flags
 1      1049kB  10.7GB  10.7GB               primary

[root@localhost ~]# partprobe /dev/sdb   #partprobe重新读取分区表或者重启服务器
[root@localhost ~]# fdisk -l             #查看扩容磁盘分区状况
Disk /dev/sda: 42.9 GB, 42949672960 bytes, 83886080 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x000c54be
   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sda1   *        2048     2099199     1048576   83  Linux
/dev/sda2         2099200    83886079    40893440   8e  Linux LVM
Disk /dev/mapper/centos-root: 39.7 GB, 39720058880 bytes, 77578240 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk /dev/mapper/centos-swap: 2147 MB, 2147483648 bytes, 4194304 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

Disk /dev/sdb: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes, 41943040 sectors         #可看到磁盘容量已经增加
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x00000000
   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sdb1               1    20971519    10485759+  ee  GPT

[root@localhost ~]# umount /dev/sdb1        #卸载挂载的分区
[root@localhost ~]# parted /dev/sdb
GNU Parted 3.1
Using /dev/sdb
Welcome to GNU Parted! Type 'help' to view a list of commands.
(parted) p                                                                
Error: The backup GPT table is not at the end of the disk, as it should be.  This might mean that another operating system believes the disk is smaller.  Fix, by moving
the backup to the end (and removing the old backup)?
Fix/Ignore/Cancel? Fix                       #按提示修复                              
Warning: Not all of the space available to /dev/sdb appears to be used, you can fix the GPT to use all of the space (an extra 20971520 blocks) or continue with the current
setting? 
Fix/Ignore? Fix                              #按提示修复                                                            
Model: VMware Virtual disk (scsi)
Disk /dev/sdb: 21.5GB                         #看到所有磁盘容量   
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B
Partition Table: gpt
Disk Flags: 

Number  Start   End     Size    File system  Name     Flags
 1      1049kB  10.7GB  10.7GB  ext4         primary

(parted) resizepart 1 21.5GB            #根据磁盘容量重新指定分区大小
(parted) p                                                                
Model: VMware Virtual disk (scsi)
Disk /dev/sdb: 21.5GB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B
Partition Table: gpt
Disk Flags: 

Number  Start   End     Size    File system  Name     Flags
 1      1049kB  21.5GB  21.5GB  ext4         primary

(parted) quit                                                             
Information: You may need to update /etc/fstab.