目录
4.7.1多态的基本概念
地址早绑定 在编译阶段就确定了函数的地址
如果想执行让猫说话,这个函数的地址就不能早绑定,需要在函数运行阶段绑定
动态多态满足关系
1、有继承关系
2、子类要重写父类中的虚函数
动态多态使用
父类指针或者引用 执行子类对象
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
using namespace std;
//多态
//动物类
class animal
{
public:
//虚函数
virtual void speak()
{
cout << "动物在说话" << endl;
}
};
//狗类
class dog :public animal
{
public:
void speak()
{
cout << "小狗在说话" << endl;
}
};
//猫类
class cat:public animal
{
public:
//重写 函数返回值 函数名 参数列表 完全相同
void speak()
{
cout << "小猫在说话" << endl;
}
};
//执行说话的函数
//地址早绑定 在编译阶段就确定了函数的地址
//如果想执行让猫说话,这个函数的地址就不能早绑定,需要在函数运行阶段绑定
//动态多态满足关系
//1、有继承关系
//2、子类要重写父类中的虚函数
//动态多态使用
//父类指针或者引用 执行子类对象
void dospeak(animal &animal)
{
animal.speak();
}
void test01()
{
cat cat;
dospeak(cat);
dog dog;
dospeak(dog);
}
int main() {
test01();
system("pause");
}
4.7.2多态案例一 --计算机类
多态的优点
1、代码组织结构清晰
2、可读性强
3、利于前期和后期的维护
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
using namespace std;
//多态的优点
//1、代码组织结构清晰
//2、可读性强
//3、利于前期和后期的维护
class Calculator
{
public:
virtual int Getresult()
{
return 0;
}
int m_Num1;
int m_Num2;
};
//加法
class AddCalculator : public Calculator
{
public:
int Getresult()
{
return m_Num2 + m_Num1;
}
};
//减法
class SubCalculator : public Calculator
{
public:
int Getresult()
{
return m_Num1- m_Num2;
}
};
//乘法
class MulCalculator : public Calculator
{
public:
int Getresult()
{
return m_Num1 * m_Num2;
}
};
void test01()
{
Calculator *abc = new AddCalculator;
abc->m_Num1 = 100;
abc->m_Num2 = 10;
cout << abc->m_Num1 << "+" << abc->m_Num2 << " = " << abc->Getresult() << endl;;
delete abc;
abc = new SubCalculator;
abc->m_Num1 = 100;
abc->m_Num2 = 10;
cout << abc->m_Num1 << "-" << abc->m_Num2 << " = " << abc->Getresult() << endl;;
delete abc;
abc = new MulCalculator;
abc->m_Num1 = 100;
abc->m_Num2 = 10;
cout << abc->m_Num1 << "*" << abc->m_Num2 << " = " << abc->Getresult() << endl;;
delete abc;
}
int main() {
test01();
system("pause");
}
4.7.3纯虚函数和抽象类
纯虚函数
只要有一个纯虚函数这个类就称为抽象类
抽象类特点:
1、无法实例化对象
2、抽象类的子类 必须重写父类中的纯虚函数 否则也属于抽象类
抽象类无法实例化对象,子类必须重写父类中的纯虚函数,否则无法实例化对象
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
using namespace std;
//纯虚函数和抽象类
class Base
{
public:
//纯虚函数
//只要有一个纯虚函数这个类就称为抽象类
//抽象类特点:
//1、无法实例化对象
//2、抽象类的子类 必须重写父类中的纯虚函数 否则也属于抽象类
virtual void func() = 0;
};
class son:public Base
{
public:
virtual void func() {
cout << "func函数调用" << endl;
}
};
void test01()
{
//Base b;//抽象类无法实例化对象
//new Base;//抽象类无法实例化对象
son b;//子类必须重写父类中的纯虚函数,否则无法实例化对象
Base *base = new son;
base->func();
delete base;
}
int main() {
test01();
system("pause");
}
4.7.4多态案例二--制作饮品
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
using namespace std;
//多态案例2 制作饮品
class AbstractDrinking
{
public:
//煮水
virtual void Boil() = 0;
//冲泡
virtual void Brew() = 0;
//倒入杯中
virtual void PourInCup() = 0;
//加入佐料
virtual void PutSomething() = 0;
//制作饮品
void makeDrink()
{
Boil();
Brew();
PourInCup();
PutSomething();
}
};
class Coffee: public AbstractDrinking
{
public:
//煮水
virtual void Boil()
{
cout << "农夫山泉" << endl;
}
//冲泡
virtual void Brew()
{
cout << "冲泡咖啡" << endl;
}
//倒入杯中
virtual void PourInCup()
{
cout << "倒入杯中" << endl;
}
//加入佐料
virtual void PutSomething()
{
cout << "加入糖和牛奶" << endl;
}
};
//做茶
class Tea : public AbstractDrinking
{
public:
//煮水
virtual void Boil()
{
cout << "矿泉水" << endl;
}
//冲泡
virtual void Brew()
{
cout << "冲泡茶叶" << endl;
}
//倒入杯中
virtual void PourInCup()
{
cout << "倒入杯中" << endl;
}
//加入佐料
virtual void PutSomething()
{
cout << "加入枸杞" << endl;
}
};
void dowork(AbstractDrinking *abs)
{
abs->makeDrink();
delete abs;//释放内存
}
void test01()
{
//制作咖啡
dowork(new Coffee);
cout << "-----------------------------------" << endl;
//制作茶叶
dowork(new Tea);
}
int main() {
test01();
system("pause");
}
4.7.5虚析构和纯虚析构
纯虚析构 需要声明也需要实现
有了纯虚析构之后 这个类也属于抽象类 无法实现实例化对象
父类指针在析构时候 不会调用子类中析构函数 导致子类如果有堆区属性 出现内存泄露的情况
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
using namespace std;
//虚析构和纯虚析构
class Animal
{
public:
Animal()
{
cout << "Animal的构造函数调用" << endl;
}
virtual void speak() = 0;
//virtual ~Animal()
//{
// cout << "Animal的析构函数调用" << endl;
//}
//纯虚析构 需要声明也需要实现
//有了纯虚析构之后 这个类也属于抽象类 无法实现实例化对象
virtual ~Animal() = 0;
};
Animal::~Animal()
{
}
class Cat : public Animal
{
public:
Cat(string name)
{
cout << "Cat的构造函数调用" << endl;
m_Name = new string(name);
}
virtual void speak()
{
cout <<*m_Name<< "小猫在说话" << endl;
}
~Cat()
{
if (m_Name != NULL)
{
cout << "Cat的析构函数调用" << endl;
delete m_Name;
m_Name = NULL;
}
}
string *m_Name;
};
void test01()
{
Animal * animal = new Cat("TOM");
animal->speak();
//父类指针在析构时候 不会调用子类中析构函数 导致子类如果有堆区属性 出现内存泄露的情况
delete animal;
}
int main() {
test01();
system("pause");
}
4.7.6多态案例三--电脑组装
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
using namespace std;
//抽象不同零件的类
//抽象CPU的类
class CPU
{
public:
virtual void calculate() = 0;
};
//抽象显卡的类
class VideoCard
{
public:
virtual void display() = 0;
};
//抽象内存条的类
class Memory
{
public:
virtual void storage() = 0;
};
//电脑类
class Computer
{
public:
Computer(CPU *cpu,VideoCard *vc,Memory *mem)
{
m_cpu = cpu;
m_vc = vc;
m_mem = mem;
}
//提供工作函数
void work()
{
m_cpu->calculate();
m_vc->display();
m_mem->storage();
}
~Computer()
{
if (m_cpu != NULL)
{
delete m_cpu;
m_cpu = NULL;
}
if (m_vc != NULL)
{
delete m_vc;
m_vc = NULL;
}
if (m_mem != NULL)
{
delete m_mem;
m_mem = NULL;
}
}
private:
CPU *m_cpu;
VideoCard *m_vc;
Memory * m_mem;
};
//具体厂商
//inter厂商
class IntelCPU :public CPU
{
public:
virtual void calculate()
{
cout << "Intel的 cpu开始计算了" << endl;
}
};
class IntelVideoCard :public VideoCard
{
public:
virtual void display()
{
cout << "Intel的显卡开始显示了" << endl;
}
};
class IntelMemory :public Memory
{
public:
virtual void storage()
{
cout << "Intel的内存条开始存储了" << endl;
}
};
//Lenovo厂商
class LenovoCPU :public CPU
{
public:
virtual void calculate()
{
cout << "Lenovo的 cpu开始计算了" << endl;
}
};
class LenovoVideoCard :public VideoCard
{
public:
virtual void display()
{
cout << "Lenovo的显卡开始显示了" << endl;
}
};
class LenovoMemory :public Memory
{
public:
virtual void storage()
{
cout << "Lenovo的内存条开始存储了" << endl;
}
};
void test01()
{
//第一台电脑零件
CPU *intelCpu = new IntelCPU;
VideoCard * intelCard = new IntelVideoCard;
Memory*intelMem = new IntelMemory;
//创建第一台电脑
cout << "第一台电脑开始工作" << endl;
Computer *computer1 = new Computer(intelCpu, intelCard, intelMem);
computer1->work();
delete computer1;
cout << "----------------------------------------------" << endl;
cout << "第二台电脑开始工作" << endl;
//创建第二台电脑
Computer *computer2 = new Computer(new LenovoCPU, new LenovoVideoCard, new LenovoMemory);
computer2->work();
delete computer2;
cout << "----------------------------------------------" << endl;
cout << "第三台电脑开始工作" << endl;
//创建第三台电脑
Computer *computer3 = new Computer(new LenovoCPU, new IntelVideoCard, new IntelMemory);
computer3->work();
delete computer3;
}
int main() {
test01();
system("pause");
}