日撸Java三百行 day11-12(顺序表)

1. 知识点

1.1 final 的使用

final关键字常用来修饰类、方法和引用。

修饰类:

格式:public final class 类名称 { // ··· }

该类不能有任何的子类，且其所有的成员方法都无法覆盖重写。

修饰方法:

格式:修饰符 final 返回值类型 方法名称(参数列表) { // 方法体 }

该方法就是最终方法，不能被覆盖重写。

修饰引用:

格式: final 引用类型 名称 = 值;

当引用类型为基本数据类型时，则引用为常量，其值无法修改；当引用类型为引用数据类型时，可修改其本身内容,但不能修改指向其的引用；当引用类型为类的成员变量时，由于成员变量具有默认值，所以final之后必须当场赋值。

这里使用到的是修饰一个基础数据类型的全局变量，final后其为常量，不能被修改。

public static final int MAX_LENGTH = 10;

1.2 new关键字的使用

 在Java中任何变量使用前都需要设置初值，Java提供了为类的成员变量赋予初值的功能:构造方法。

构造方法特殊性:

1) 构造方法名字必须与定义它的类名相同，没有返回类型。

2) 其调用是在创建一个对象时用new操作进行的，作用是初始化对象。

3) 每个类有可以有多个或没有构造方法。

4) 不能被static、final、synchronized、abstracth和native修饰，且不能被子类继承

然后再用new关键字加上构造方法来，创建一个对象。

比如:

public class SequentialList {
         
    public SequentialList() {

     }// Of the Constructor
}

在这里SequentialList tempFirstList = new SequentialList()，前面就是在内存中分配一个SequentialList类型的变量tempFirstList，后半部是用new加构造方法，其会在内存中创建一个SequentialList()类的对象，然后new会返回这个对象的地址，最后储存到tempFirstList中。

1.3 方法的Override

方法的重写是封装的特性之一，子类可以对在基类中的继承来的方法进行重写，从而扩充方法以达到自己的需求。但重写方法必须与被重写的方法的名称、参数列表、返回值类型相同，且不能使用比被重写的方法更严格的访问权限。

/**
 *********************
 * Overrides the method claimed in Object, the superclass of any class.
 *********************
 */
public String toString() {
    String resultString = "";

    if (length == 0) {
		return "empty";
	} // Of if

	for (int i = 0; i < length - 1; i++) {
		resultString += data[i] + ", ";
	} // Of for i

	resultString += data[length - 1];

	return resultString;
}// Of toString

这里顺便提一下public作用及有无static的区别:

public是访问修饰符(详解)，主要做权限说明，表明该类或者该方法等是公共的，任何程序集都可以去调用到它。

用static修饰的方法，不可调用该类中的非静态成员和非静态方法；其不需要生成示例对象就可以直接调用成员，而且该静态方法(或变量)被该类创建的对象共享；其不能使用super对父类中的成员进行调用。不使用static的非静态方法调用方法或变量时没有限制。

2. 总代码

2.1顺序表的初始化和重置

package datastructure.list;

/**
 * Sequential list.
 * 
 * @author Yunhua Hu yunhuahu0528@163.com.
 */
public class SequentialList {

	/**
	 * The maximal length of the list. It is a constant.
	 */
	public static final int MAX_LENGTH = 10;

	/**
	 * The actual length not exceeding MAX_LENGTH. Attention: length is not only the
	 * number variable of Sequential list, but also the member variable of Array. In
	 * fact, a name can be the member variable of different classes.
	 */
	int length;

	/**
	 * The data stored in an array.
	 */
	int[] data;

	/**
	 ********************* 
	 * Construct an empty sequential list
	 ********************* 
	 */
	public SequentialList() {
		length = 0;
		data = new int[MAX_LENGTH];
	}// Of the first constructor

	/**
	 ********************* 
	 * Construct a sequential list using an array.
	 * 
	 * @param paraArray
	 *            The given array. Its length should not exceed MAX_LENGTH. For
	 *            simplicity now we do not check it.
	 ********************* 
	 */
	public SequentialList(int[] paraArray) {
		data = new int[MAX_LENGTH];
		length = paraArray.length;

		// Copy data.
		for (int i = 0; i < paraArray.length; i++) {
			data[i] = paraArray[i];
		} // Of for i
	}// Of the second constructor

	/**
	 *********************
	 * Overrides the method claimed in Object, the superclass of any class.
	 *********************
	 */
	public String toString() {
		String resultString = "";

		if (length == 0) {
			return "empty";
		} // Of if

		for (int i = 0; i < length - 1; i++) {
			resultString += data[i] + ",";
		} // Of for i

		resultString += data[length - 1];

		return resultString;
	}// Of toString

	/**
	 *********************
	 * Reset to empty.
	 *********************
	 */
	public void reset() {
		length = 0;
	}// Of reset

	/**
	 *********************
	 * The entrance of the progarm.
	 *
	 * @param args
	 *            Not used now.
	 *********************
	 */
	public static void main(String args[]) {
		int[] tempArray = { 1, 4, 6, 9 };
		SequentialList tempFirstList = new SequentialList(tempArray);
		System.out.println("Initialized, the list is: " + tempFirstList.toString());
		System.out.println("Again, the list is: " + tempFirstList);

		tempFirstList.reset();
		System.out.println("After reset, the list is: " + tempFirstList);
	}// Of main

}// Of class SequentialList

输出:

2.2 顺序表的增删查改

对顺序表的增删查改，一定记得考虑false的情况。

package datastructure.list;

/**
 * Sequential list.
 * 
 * @author Yunhua Hu yunhuahu0528@163.com.
 */
public class SequentialList {

	/**
	 * The maximal length of the list. It is a constant.
	 */
	public static final int MAX_LENGTH = 10;

	/**
	 * The actual length not exceeding MAX_LENGTH. Attention: length is not only the
	 * number variable of Sequential list, but also the member variable of Array. In
	 * fact, a name can be the member variable of different classes.
	 */
	int length;

	/**
	 * The data stored in an array.
	 */
	int[] data;

	/**
	 ********************* 
	 * Construct an empty sequential list
	 ********************* 
	 */
	public SequentialList() {
		length = 0;
		data = new int[MAX_LENGTH];
	}// Of the first constructor

	/**
	 ********************* 
	 * Construct a sequential list using an array.
	 * 
	 * @param paraArray
	 *            The given array. Its length should not exceed MAX_LENGTH. For
	 *            simplicity now we do not check it.
	 ********************* 
	 */
	public SequentialList(int[] paraArray) {
		data = new int[MAX_LENGTH];
		length = paraArray.length;

		// Copy data.
		for (int i = 0; i < paraArray.length; i++) {
			data[i] = paraArray[i];
		} // Of for i
	}// Of the second constructor

	/**
	 *********************
	 * Overrides the method claimed in Object, the superclass of any class.
	 *********************
	 */
	public String toString() {
		String resultString = "";

		if (length == 0) {
			return "empty";
		} // Of if

		for (int i = 0; i < length - 1; i++) {
			resultString += data[i] + ",";
		} // Of for i

		resultString += data[length - 1];

		return resultString;
	}// Of toString

	/**
	 *********************
	 * Reset to empty.
	 *********************
	 */
	public void reset() {
		length = 0;
	}// Of reset

	/**
	 *********************
	 * Find the index of the given value. If it appears in multiple positions,
	 * simply return the first one.
	 *
	 * @param paraValue The given value.
	 * @return The position. -1 for not found.
	 *********************
	 */
	public int indexoOf(int paraValue) {
		int tempPosition = -1;

		for (int i = 0; i < length; i++) {
			if (data[i] == paraValue) {
				tempPosition = i;
				break;
			} // Of if
		} // Of for i

		return tempPosition;
	}// Of indexOf

	public boolean insert(int paraPosition, int paraValue) {
		if (length == MAX_LENGTH) {
			System.out.println("List full.");
			return false;
		} // Of if

		if ((paraPosition < 0) || (paraPosition > length)) {
			System.out.println("The position " + paraPosition + " is out of bounds.");
			return false;
		} // Of if

		// Form tail to head. The last one is moved to a new position. Because length <
		// MAX_LENGTH, no exceeding occurs.
		for (int i = length; i > paraPosition; i--) {
			data[i] = data[i - 1];
		} // Of for i

		data[paraPosition] = paraValue;
		length++;

		return true;
	}// Of insert

	public boolean delete(int paraPosition) {
		if ((paraPosition < 0) || (paraPosition >= length)) {
			System.out.println("The position " + paraPosition + " is out of bounds.");
			return false;
		} // Of if

		// Form head to tail.
		for (int i = paraPosition; i < length - 1; i++) {
			data[i] = data[i + 1];
		} // Of for i

		length--;

		return true;
	}// Of delete

	/**
	 *********************
	 * The entrance of the program.
	 *
	 * @param args
	 *            Not used now.
	 *********************
	 */
	public static void main(String args[]) {
		int[] tempArray = { 1, 4, 6, 9 };
		SequentialList tempFirstList = new SequentialList(tempArray);
		System.out.println("After initialization, the list is: " + tempFirstList.toString());
		System.out.println("Agian, the list is: " + tempFirstList);

		int tempValue = 4;
		int tempPosition = tempFirstList.indexoOf(tempValue);
		System.out.println("The position of " + tempValue + " is " + tempPosition);

		tempValue = 5;
		tempPosition = tempFirstList.indexoOf(tempValue);
		System.out.println("The position of " + tempValue + " is " + tempPosition);

		tempPosition = 2;
		tempValue = 5;
		tempFirstList.insert(tempPosition, tempValue);
		System.out.println(
				"After inserting " + tempValue + " to position " + tempPosition + ", the list is: " + tempFirstList);

		tempPosition = 8;
		tempValue = 10;
		tempFirstList.insert(tempPosition, tempValue);
		System.out.println(
				"After inserting " + tempValue + " to position " + tempPosition + ", the list is: " + tempFirstList);

		tempPosition = 3;
		tempFirstList.delete(tempPosition);
		System.out.println("After deleting data at position " + tempPosition + ", the list is: " + tempFirstList);

		for (int i = 0; i < 8; i++) {
			tempFirstList.insert(i, i);
			System.out.println("After inserting " + i + " to position " + i + ", the list is: " + tempFirstList);
		} // Of for i

		tempFirstList.reset();
		System.out.println("After reset, the list is: " + tempFirstList);
	}// Of main

}// Of class SequentialList

输出: