C++数组长度必须是编译时已知的？

iceman1952

于 2022-06-29 12:36:52 发布

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文章标签： c++ 开发语言

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/iceman1952/article/details/125514882

版权

一：C++数组长度必须是编译时已知？

二：g++默认支持变长数组

三：g++通过编译选项控制是否支持变长数组

四：History of C++ standard

五：其他材料

一：C++数组长度必须是编译时已知？

C++ Primer 5th Edition 101页提到：数组长度必须是编译时已知的。

但，实际上，默认情况下，g++编译器支持变长数组（VLA, variable length array）。

二：g++默认支持变长数组

代码如下：

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
int main() {
    int a;
    cin >> a;

    int iarr[a];

    // a 输入 2
    for (int i = 0; i < a; ++i) {
        iarr[i] = i + 10;
    }

    // 输出为：10, 11
    for (int i = 0; i < a; ++i) {
        cout << iarr[i] << endl;
    }
    return 0;
}

编译器版本 gcc version 11.2.0，具体如下：

marvin@vm:~/eden$ g++ -v
Using built-in specs.
COLLECT_GCC=g++
COLLECT_LTO_WRAPPER=/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/11/lto-wrapper
OFFLOAD_TARGET_NAMES=nvptx-none:amdgcn-amdhsa
OFFLOAD_TARGET_DEFAULT=1
Target: x86_64-linux-gnu
Configured with: ../src/configure -v --with-pkgversion='Ubuntu 11.2.0-19ubuntu1' --with-bugurl=file:///usr/share/doc/gcc-11/README.Bugs --enable-languages=c,ada,c++,go,brig,d,fortran,objc,obj-c++,m2 --prefix=/usr --with-gcc-major-version-only --program-suffix=-11 --program-prefix=x86_64-linux-gnu- --enable-shared --enable-linker-build-id --libexecdir=/usr/lib --without-included-gettext --enable-threads=posix --libdir=/usr/lib --enable-nls --enable-bootstrap --enable-clocale=gnu --enable-libstdcxx-debug --enable-libstdcxx-time=yes --with-default-libstdcxx-abi=new --enable-gnu-unique-object --disable-vtable-verify --enable-plugin --enable-default-pie --with-system-zlib --enable-libphobos-checking=release --with-target-system-zlib=auto --enable-objc-gc=auto --enable-multiarch --disable-werror --enable-cet --with-arch-32=i686 --with-abi=m64 --with-multilib-list=m32,m64,mx32 --enable-multilib --with-tune=generic --enable-offload-targets=nvptx-none=/build/gcc-11-gBFGDP/gcc-11-11.2.0/debian/tmp-nvptx/usr,amdgcn-amdhsa=/build/gcc-11-gBFGDP/gcc-11-11.2.0/debian/tmp-gcn/usr --without-cuda-driver --enable-checking=release --build=x86_64-linux-gnu --host=x86_64-linux-gnu --target=x86_64-linux-gnu --with-build-config=bootstrap-lto-lean --enable-link-serialization=2
Thread model: posix
Supported LTO compression algorithms: zlib zstd
gcc version 11.2.0 (Ubuntu 11.2.0-19ubuntu1) 
marvin@vm:~/eden$

编译执行都没有问题

marvin@vm:~/eden$ g++  test_vla.cpp -o a
marvin@vm:~/eden$ ./a
2
10
11
marvin@vm:~/eden$

三：g++通过编译选项控制是否支持变长数组

By 2022.6.29，最新的C++ standard是C++23，C++标准依然 *不支持* 变长数组（VLA, variable length array）。注意，这里说的是C++ standard。

marvin@vm:~/eden$ g++  test_vla.cpp -o a
marvin@vm:~/eden$ 
marvin@vm:~/eden$ g++  -std=c++11 test_vla.cpp -o a
marvin@vm:~/eden$ 
marvin@vm:~/eden$ g++  -std=c++17 test_vla.cpp -o a
marvin@vm:~/eden$ 
marvin@vm:~/eden$ g++  -std=c++14 test_vla.cpp -o a
marvin@vm:~/eden$ 
marvin@vm:~/eden$ g++  -std=c++17 test_vla.cpp -o a
marvin@vm:~/eden$ 
marvin@vm:~/eden$ g++  -std=c++20 test_vla.cpp -o a
marvin@vm:~/eden$ 
marvin@vm:~/eden$ g++  -std=c++23 test_vla.cpp -o a
marvin@vm:~/eden$ 
marvin@vm:~/eden$ g++  -std=c++24 test_vla.cpp -o a
g++: error: unrecognized command-line option ‘-std=c++24’; did you mean ‘-std=c++14’?
marvin@vm:~/eden$ 
marvin@vm:~/eden$

C++ standard 不支持VLA，但，编译器扩展是可以支持 VLA 的，比如g++编译器就支持了 VLA，而且是默认开启的。

1. g++默认开启 VLA 的编译器扩展功能，因此g++默认支持 VLA

2. 使用选项 -pedantic 则 VLA 编译告警

3. 使用选项 -pedantic-errors 则 VLA 编译失败

marvin@vm:~/eden$ g++ test_vla.cpp -o a
marvin@vm:~/eden$ 
marvin@vm:~/eden$ g++ -pedantic test_vla.cpp -o a
test_vla.cpp: In function ‘int main()’:
test_vla.cpp:9:9: warning: ISO C++ forbids variable length array ‘iarr’ [-Wvla]
    9 |     int iarr[a];
      |         ^~~~
marvin@vm:~/eden$ 
marvin@vm:~/eden$ g++ -pedantic-errors  test_vla.cpp -o a
test_vla.cpp: In function ‘int main()’:
test_vla.cpp:9:9: error: ISO C++ forbids variable length array ‘iarr’ [-Wvla]
    9 |     int iarr[a];
      |         ^~~~
marvin@vm:~/eden$ 
marvin@vm:~/eden$

四：History of C++ standard

Summary Table of history of various C++ versions:

Version	Release Date	Major changes
C++98 (ISO/IEC 14882:1998)	October 1998	The first version
C++03 (ISO/IEC 14882:2003)	February 2003	Introduction of value initialization.
C++11	August 2011	Introduction of Lambda Expressions, Delegating Constructors, Uniform Initialization Syntax, nullptr, Automatic Type Deduction and decltype, Rvalue References etc.
C++14	August 2014	Introduction of polymorphic lambdas, digit separators, generalized lambda capture, variable templates, binary integer literals, quoted strings etc.
C++17	December 2017	Introduction of fold expressions, hexadecimal floating point literals, a u8 character literal, selection statements with initializer, inline variables etc.
C++20	March 2020	This update extends C++ with the facilities to inspect program entities such as variables, enumerations, classes and their members, lambdas and their captures, etc.
C++23	Future Release	The next major revision of the C++ standard