【OpenCV】笔记（6）——直方图

直方图（histogram）:当图像被定义为一种数据类型，并且能够访问该图像的灰度值（像素），从而得到不同灰度的概率密度函数，这种图像就称作直方图

对直方图进行改变，从而改变图像的对比度，这种处理叫做直方图的均衡化（hisotgram equalization）

openCV中使用calcHist来计算图像直方图

void calcHist( const Mat* images, int nimages ,

                          const int * channels, InputArray mask ,

                          OutputArray hist , int dims, const int* histSize,

                          const float ** ranges, bool uniform = true, bool accumulate = false );

参数	定义	解释
const Mat* images	@param images Source arrays. They all should have the same depth, CV_8U or CV_32F , and the same size. Each of them can have an arbitrary number of channels.	集合中第一个图像的地址，用来处理一批图像
int nimages	@param nimages Number of source images.	原图像的数量
const int * channels	@param channels List of the dims channels used to compute the histogram. The first array channels are numerated from 0 to images[0].channels()-1 , the second array channels are counted from images[0].channels() to images[0].channels() + images[1].channels()-1, and so on.	直方图的通道列表，从0~2
InputArray mask	@param mask Optional mask. If the matrix is not empty, it must be an 8-bit array of the same size as images[i] . The non-zero mask elements mark the array elements counted in the histogram.	可选项mask，用来指示图像中像素的个数
OutputArray hist	@param hist Output histogram, which is a dense or sparse dims -dimensional array.	输出直方图
int dims	@param dims Histogram dimensionality that must be positive and not greater than CV_MAX_DIMS (equal to 32 in the current OpenCV version).	指示直方图的维数
const int* histSize	@param histSize Array of histogram sizes in each dimension.	每一个维度上直方图的大小的数组
const float ** ranges	@param ranges Array of the dims arrays of the histogram bin boundaries in each dimension. When the histogram is uniform ( uniform =true), then for each dimension i it is enough to specify the lower (inclusive) boundary \f$L_0\f$ of the 0-th histogram bin and the upper (exclusive) boundary \f$U_{\texttt{histSize}[i]-1}\f$ for the last histogram bin histSize[i]-1 . That is, in case of a uniform histogram each of ranges[i] is an array of 2 elements. When the histogram is not uniform ( uniform=false ), then each of ranges[i] contains histSize[i]+1 elements: \f$L_0, U_0=L_1, U_1=L_2, ..., U_{\texttt{histSize[i]}-2}=L_{\texttt{histSize[i]}-1}, U_{\texttt{histSize[i]}-1}\f$ . The array elements, that are not between \f$L_0\f$ and \f$U_{\texttt{histSize[i]}-1}\f$ , are not counted in the histogram.	每一维度上直方图bin边界维度数组的数组
bool uniform = true	@param uniform Flag indicating whether the histogram is uniform or not (see above).	默认为真，表示直方图是均匀分布的
bool accumulate = false	@param accumulate Accumulation flag. If it is set, the histogram is not cleared in the beginning when it is allocated. This feature enables you to compute a single histogram from several sets of arrays, or to update the histogram in time.	默认为假，表示直方图默认是不累加的

直方图均衡化

void equalizeHist( InputArray src, OutputArray dst );

第一个参数是输入图像，第二个输出直方图均衡化后的图像

若要计算多幅图像的直方图，来比较或者计算出这些图像的联合直方图，可以使用

double compareHist( InputArray H1, InputArray H2, int method );

method用来计算两个直方图的匹配情况，opencv中提供了6种方法

HistCompMethods {

    /** Correlation

    /** Chi-Square

    /** Intersection

    /** Bhattacharyya distance

    /** Alternative Chi-Square

    /** Kullback-Leibler divergence

};

示例1：使用 equalizeHist( InputArray src, OutputArray dst )对一幅彩色图形进行均衡化并且显示每个通道的直方图

其也可以用来计算同一幅彩色图像不同通道的直方图

#include<iostream>
#include <stdio.h>
#include "opencv2/highgui/highgui.hpp"
#include "opencv2/imgproc/imgproc.hpp"


#define HIST_SIZE 255
#define HIST_W 512
#define HIST_H 400


using namespace std;
using namespace cv;


//计算RGB图像的颜色通道直方图
bool histogramcalculation(const Mat &Image,Mat &histImage);
int main()
{
	Mat src, imageq;
	Mat histImage;
	//读取原始图像
	src = imread("dog.png");
	if (!src.data)
	{
		printf("Error! Can not load image!\n");
		exit(1);
	}
	//将图像分为三个部分B,G,R
	vector<Mat> bgr_planes;
	split(src, bgr_planes);


	//显示结果
	imshow("源图像", src);


	//计算原始图像的每个通道的直方图
	histogramcalculation(src, histImage);


	//显示每个颜色通道的直方图
	imshow("彩色图像的直方图", histImage);


	//均衡化图像


	//直方图均衡化应用于每个通道
	equalizeHist(bgr_planes[0], bgr_planes[0]);
	equalizeHist(bgr_planes[1], bgr_planes[1]);
	equalizeHist(bgr_planes[2], bgr_planes[2]);


	//将这些均衡化的图像合并得到其均衡化图像
	merge(bgr_planes, imageq);


	//显示均衡化图像
	imshow("均衡化图像", imageq);


	//计算每个均衡化图像通道的直方图
	histogramcalculation(imageq, histImage);


	//显示均衡化图像的直方图
	imshow("均衡化图像的直方图", histImage);

	waitKey();
    return 0;
}


bool histogramcalculation(const Mat &Image, Mat &histoImage)
{
	bool bRtr = false;
	do
	{
	int histSize = HIST_SIZE;
	//对（B,G,R）设置范围
	float range[] = { 0,256 };
	const float* histRange = { range };
	bool uniform = true;
	bool accumulate = false;
	Mat b_hist, g_hist, r_hist;
	vector<Mat> bgr_planes;
	split(Image, bgr_planes);
	//计算各个直方图
	calcHist(&bgr_planes[0], 1, 0, Mat(), b_hist, 1, &histSize, &histRange, uniform, accumulate);
	calcHist(&bgr_planes[1], 1, 0, Mat(), g_hist, 1, &histSize, &histRange, uniform, accumulate);
	calcHist(&bgr_planes[2], 1, 0, Mat(), r_hist, 1, &histSize, &histRange, uniform, accumulate);
	//为B,G,R绘制直方图
	int hist_w = HIST_W;
	int hist_h = HIST_H;
	int bin_w = cvRound((double)hist_w / histSize);
	Mat histImage(hist_h, hist_w, CV_8UC3, Scalar(0, 0, 0));
	//将结果归一化为[ 0, histImage.rows ]
	normalize(b_hist, b_hist, 0, histImage.rows, NORM_MINMAX, -1, Mat());

	normalize(g_hist, g_hist, 0, histImage.rows, NORM_MINMAX, -1, Mat());

	normalize(r_hist, r_hist, 0, histImage.rows, NORM_MINMAX, -1, Mat());

	//对每个通道进行绘制
	for (int i = 1; i < histSize; i++)
	{
		line(histImage, Point(bin_w*(i - 1), hist_h - cvRound(b_hist.at<float>(i - 1))), 
			Point(bin_w*(i), hist_h - cvRound(b_hist.at<float>(i))), Scalar(255, 0, 0), 8, 0);
		//得到每一个举行条的左上方和右下方的点的坐标，从而绘制直方图

		line(histImage, Point(bin_w*(i - 1), hist_h - cvRound(g_hist.at<float>(i - 1))), 
			Point(bin_w*(i), hist_h - cvRound(g_hist.at<float>(i))), Scalar(255, 0, 0), 8, 0);

		line(histImage, Point(bin_w*(i - 1), hist_h - cvRound(r_hist.at<float>(i - 1))), 
			Point(bin_w*(i), hist_h - cvRound(r_hist.at<float>(i))), Scalar(255, 0, 0), 8, 0);
	}

	histoImage = histImage;

	bRtr = true;
	} while (false);

	return bRtr;
}