1.基本介绍
1)平衡二叉树也叫平衡二叉搜索树(Self-balancing binary search tree)又被称为AVL树, 可以保证查询效率较高。
2)具有以下特点:它是一 棵空树或它的左右两个子树的高度差的绝对值不超过1,并且左右两个子树都是一棵平衡二叉树。平衡二叉树的常用实现方法有红黑树、AVL、替罪羊树、Treap、伸展树等。
3)举例说明, 看看下面哪些AVL树, 为什么?
2.代码实现
package cn.smallmartial.avl;
/**
* @Author smallmartial
* @Date 2019/6/22
* @Email smallmarital@qq.com
*/
public class AVLTreeDemo {
public static void main(String[] args) {
// int[] arr = {4,3,6,5,7,8};
int[] arr = {10,12,8,9,7,6};
AVLTree avlTree = new AVLTree();
for (int i = 0; i < arr.length; i++) {
avlTree.add(new Node(arr[i]));
}
//遍历
System.out.println("中序遍历");
avlTree.infixOrder();
System.out.println("在未做平衡之前");
System.out.println("树的高度 = "+avlTree.getRoot().height());
System.out.println("树的左子树高度 = "+avlTree.getRoot().leftHeight());
System.out.println("树的有子树高度 = "+avlTree.getRoot().rightHeight());
System.out.println("根节点的左子节点"+avlTree.getRoot().left);
System.out.println("根节点"+avlTree.getRoot());
System.out.println("根节点的右子节点"+avlTree.getRoot().right);
}
}
class AVLTree{
private Node root;
public Node getRoot(){
return root;
}
//查找要删除的节点
public Node search(int value){
if (root == null){
return null;
}else {
return root.search(value);
}
}
//查找父节点
public Node searchParent(int value){
if (root == null){
return null;
}else {
return root.searchParent(value);
}
}
/**
*
* @param node 传入节点 作为二叉排序树的根节点
* @return
*/
public int delRightTreeMin(Node node){
Node target = node;
while (target.left != null){
target = target.left;
}
//删除最小节点
delNode(target.value);
return target.value;
}
//删除节点
public void delNode(int value){
if (root == null){
return;
}else {
Node targetNode = search(value);
if (targetNode == null){
return;
}
if (root.left == null && root.right == null){
root = null;
return;
}
//去找到targetNode的父节点
Node parent = searchParent(value);
if (targetNode.left == null && targetNode.right == null){
//判断targetNode是父节点的左子节点还是右子节点
if (parent.left != null && parent.left.value == value){
parent.left = null;
}else if (parent.right != null && parent.right.value == value){
parent.right = null;
}
}else if (targetNode.left!= null && targetNode.right !=null){//删除有2颗子树的节点
int minVal = delRightTreeMin(targetNode.right);
targetNode.value = minVal;
}else {//删除只有一颗子树的节点
if (targetNode.left !=null){
if (parent.left.value == value){
parent.left = targetNode.left;
}else {
parent.right = targetNode.left;
}
}else {
if (parent.left.value == value){
parent.left = targetNode.right;
}else {
parent.right = targetNode.right;
}
}
}
}
}
//添加节点的方法
public void add(Node node){
if (root == null){
root = node;
}else {
root.add(node);
}
}
//中序遍历
public void infixOrder(){
if (root != null){
root.infixOrder();
}else {
System.out.println("二叉树为空,不能遍历");
}
}
}
//创建Node结点
class Node{
int value;
Node left;
Node right;
public Node(int value) {
this.value = value;
}
//返回左子树的高度
public int leftHeight(){
if (left == null){
return 0;
}
return left.height();
}
//返回右子树的高度
public int rightHeight(){
if (right == null){
return 0;
}
return right.height();
}
//返回当前结点的高度
public int height(){
return Math.max(left == null ? 0 : left.height(),right == null ? 0 : right.height())+1;
}
//左旋转
private void leftRotate(){
//创建新的结点
Node newNode = new Node(value);
//把新的结点左子树设置为当前结点的左子树
newNode.left = left;
//把新结点的右子树设置成为过去结点的右子树的左子树
newNode.right = right.left;
//把当前结点的值替换成右子节点的值
value = right.value;
//把当前节点的右子树设置成为右子树的右子树
right = right.right;
//把当前节点的左子树设置成新的节点
left = newNode;
}
//右旋转
private void rightRotate(){
Node newNode = new Node(value);
newNode.right = right;
newNode.left = left.right;
value = left.value;
left = left.left;
right = newNode;
}
/**
*查找删除的节点
* @param value
* @return
*/
//查找删除节点
public Node search(int value){
if (value == this.value){
return this;
}else if(value <this.value){//如果查找当前的值小于当前节点,向左递归查找
//如果左子节点为空
if (this.left == null){
return null;
}
return this.left.search(value);
}else {//如果查找当前的值不小于当前节点,向小递归查找
if (this.right == null){
return null;
}
return this.right.search(value);
}
}
//查找要删除节点的父节点
public Node searchParent(int value){
if (this.left != null && this.left.value == value ||(this.right != null && this.right.value == value)){
return this;
}else {
//如果查找的值小于当前结点的值,并且当前节点的左子节点不为空
if (value < this.value && this.left != null){
return this.left.searchParent(value);
}else if (value >= this.value && this.right != null){
return this.right.searchParent(value);
}else {
return null;
}
}
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "Node{" +
"value=" + value +
'}';
}
//添加节点方法
public void add(Node node){
if (node == null){
return;
}
//判断传入结点的值,和当前子树的根节点的关系
if (node.value < this.value){
//如果当前左子节点为null
if (this.left == null){
this.left = node;
}else {
this.left.add(node);
}
}else {
if (this.right == null){
this.right = node;
}else {
this.right.add(node);
}
}
if (rightHeight() -leftHeight() >1){
//如果它的右子树的左子树高度大于它的右子树的右子树高度
if (right !=null && right.rightHeight() <right.leftHeight()){
//先进右旋转
right.rightRotate();
//然后对当前节点进行左旋转
leftRotate();
}else {
//直接进行左旋转
leftRotate();
}
}
if (leftHeight() - rightHeight() >1){
//如果它的左子树高度大于它的右子树高度
if (left !=null && left.rightHeight() > left.leftHeight()){
//先对当前节点的左节点-》左旋转
left.leftRotate();
//在对当前节点右旋转
rightRotate();
}else {
//直接右旋转
rightRotate();
}
}
}
//中序遍历
public void infixOrder(){
if (this.left != null){
this.left.infixOrder();
}
System.out.println(this);
if (this.right !=null){
this.right.infixOrder();
}
}
}