前端 Excel 工具组件实战：导入 → 可编辑表格 → 导出 + 样式同步 + 单元格合并

1. 项目初始化与依赖安装

npm init vite@latest excel-editor --template vue-ts  
cd excel-editor  
npm install  
npm install xlsx file-saver handsontable @handsontable/vue  
npm install -D tailwindcss postcss autoprefixer  
npx tailwindcss init -p  

在 main.ts 中引入 Tailwind：

import './index.css'  

---

2. 表格组件设计（基于 Handsontable）

我们封装一个 ExcelEditor.vue 组件，使用 @handsontable/vue：

<template>  
  <hot-table  
    ref="hotTableRef"  
    :settings="settings"  
    licenseKey="non-commercial-and-evaluation"  
  />  
</template>  

<script setup lang="ts">  
import { ref } from 'vue'  
import { HotTable } from '@handsontable/vue'  
import Handsontable from 'handsontable'  

const hotTableRef = ref()  
const settings = {  
  data: Handsontable.helper.createEmptySpreadsheetData(20, 10),  
  rowHeaders: true,  
  colHeaders: true,  
  contextMenu: true,  
  mergeCells: [],  
  manualRowResize: true,  
  manualColumnResize: true,  
  comments: true,  
  cells(row: number, col: number) {  
    return { className: '' }  
  }  
}  
</script>  

---

3. 导入功能：支持 .xlsx / .csv

import * as XLSX from 'xlsx'  

const handleFileUpload = (file: File) => {  
  const reader = new FileReader()  
  reader.onload = (e) => {  
    const data = new Uint8Array(e.target!.result as ArrayBuffer)  
    const workbook = XLSX.read(data, { type: 'array' })  
    const sheet = workbook.Sheets[workbook.SheetNames[0]]  
    const json = XLSX.utils.sheet_to_json(sheet, { header: 1 })  
    hotTableRef.value.hotInstance.loadData(json)  
  }  
  reader.readAsArrayBuffer(file)  
}  

---

4. 导出功能：带样式 & 合并信息

import { saveAs } from 'file-saver'  

const exportToExcel = () => {  
  const hot = hotTableRef.value.hotInstance  
  const data = hot.getData()  
  const ws = XLSX.utils.aoa_to_sheet(data)  

  const merges = hot.getPlugin('mergeCells').mergedCellsCollection.mergedCells  
  ws['!merges'] = merges.map(m => ({  
    s: { r: m.row, c: m.col },  
    e: { r: m.row + m.rowspan - 1, c: m.col + m.colspan - 1 }  
  }))  

  const wb = XLSX.utils.book_new()  
  XLSX.utils.book_append_sheet(wb, ws, 'Sheet1')  
  const wbout = XLSX.write(wb, { bookType: 'xlsx', type: 'array' })  
  saveAs(new Blob([wbout]), 'table.xlsx')  
}  

---

5. 样式同步实现方案

const cellStyles = new Map<string, any>()  

const updateCellStyle = (row: number, col: number, style: any) => {  
  const key = `${row}_${col}`  
  cellStyles.set(key, style)  
}  

cells(row, col) {  
  const key = `${row}_${col}`  
  const style = cellStyles.get(key) || {}  
  return {  
    renderer(hotInstance, td, row, col, prop, value) {  
      td.style.backgroundColor = style.backgroundColor || ''  
      td.style.fontWeight = style.fontWeight || ''  
      td.innerText = value  
      return td  
    }  
  }  
}  

---

6. 合并单元格功能逻辑

const mergeSelectedCells = () => {  
  const hot = hotTableRef.value.hotInstance  
  const selected = hot.getSelectedLast()  
  if (!selected) return  

  const [startRow, startCol, endRow, endCol] = selected  
  hot.getPlugin('mergeCells').merge({  
    row: Math.min(startRow, endRow),  
    col: Math.min(startCol, endCol),  
    rowspan: Math.abs(endRow - startRow) + 1,  
    colspan: Math.abs(endCol - startCol) + 1,  
  })  
  hot.render()  
}  

---

7. 拓展功能建议 + 示例代码

✅ 设置单元格背景色按钮

<button @click="setCurrentCellStyle({ backgroundColor: '#ffff99' })">  
  高亮当前单元格  
</button>  
  
const setCurrentCellStyle = (style: any) => {  
  const hot = hotTableRef.value.hotInstance  
  const [row, col] = hot.getSelectedLast() || []  
  updateCellStyle(row, col, style)  
  hot.render()  
 

✅ 支持 JSON 数据导出保存

const getJsonData = () => {  
  const data = hotTableRef.value.hotInstance.getData()  
  return JSON.stringify(data)  
}  

---

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