Python装饰器

1. 装饰器的使用

装饰器使用#语法糖来装饰函数或者类。有带参数和不带参数两种形式，其中不带参数的形式：

a = lambda _test: lambda *args, **kwargs: _test(*args)

@a
def test():
    pass

print(test())

带参数的形式：

a = lambda *args, **kwargs: lambda _test: lambda *args, **kwargs: _test(*args, **kwargs)

@a(1, 2)
def test(a):
    return a

print(test(1))

1.1 不带参数的装饰器

1.1.1 函数装饰函数

def decoration(_func):

    def _wrapper(*args, **kwargs):
        return "经过装饰后的func: " + _func(*args, **kwargs)
    return _wrapper


@decoration
def func(*args):
    args = [str(e) for e in args]
    return 'this is function func, args: ({})'.format(", ".join(args))

1.1.2 函数装饰类

def decoration_cls(cls):

    def _wrapper(*args, **kwargs):
        setattr(cls, '__str__', lambda _: '经过装饰后的类: {}'.format(cls.__qualname__))
        return cls(*args, **kwargs)
    return _wrapper


@decoration_cls
class A:
    def __init__(self):
        pass

1.1.3 类装饰函数

class B:
    def __init__(self, _func):
        self._func = _func

    def __call__(self, *args, **kwargs):
        return "经过类B装饰后的函数：" + self._func(*args, **kwargs)


@B
def func(*args):
    args = [str(e) for e in args]
    return 'this is function func, args: ({})'.format(", ".join(args))

1.1.4 类装饰类

class C:
    def __init__(self, cls):
        self._cls = cls

    def __call__(self, *args, **kwargs):
        setattr(self._cls, "__str__", lambda _: "经过类C装饰后的类：" + self._cls.__qualname__)
        _instance = self._cls(*args, **kwargs)

        return _instance


@C
class D:
    def __init__(self, *args):
        self.args = args

1.2 带参数的装饰器

1.2.1 函数装饰函数

def decoration(*args, **kwargs):
    info = 'this is function decoration, args: ({})\n被装饰的函数结果为:\n'.format(", ".join(args))

    def _wrapper(func):
        def _inner(*args, **kwargs):
            return info + func(*args, **kwargs)
        return _inner
    return _wrapper


@decoration('a')
def func(*args, **kwargs):
    return 'this is function func, args: ({})'.format(", ".join(args))

###1。2.1 函数装饰类

def decoration_cls(*args, **kwargs):
    info = 'this is function decoration, args: ({})\n被装饰的类为:\n'.format(", ".join(args))

    def _wrapper(cls):
        def _inner(*args, **kwargs):
            setattr(cls, '__str__', lambda _: info +  '经过装饰后的类: {}'.format(cls.__qualname__))
            return cls(*args, **kwargs)
        return _inner
    return _wrapper


@decoration_cls('a')
class A:
    def __init__(self):
        pass

1.2.3 类装饰函数

class A:
    def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
        pass

    def __call__(self, func):
        def _wrapper(*args, **kwargs):
            return "经过类A装饰的函数： " + func(*args, **kwargs)
        return _wrapper


@A(1)
def B():
    return 'a'

1.2.4 类装饰类

class A:
    def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
        pass

    def __call__(self, cls):
        def _wrapper(*args, **kwargs):
            setattr(cls, '__str__', lambda _: "经过类A装饰后的: " + cls.__qualname__)
            return cls(*args, **kwargs)
        return _wrapper


@A(1)
class B:
    def __init__(self):
        pass