TimescaleDB 集群安装部署

• 开源中间件

# TimescaleDB

https://iothub.org.cn/docs/middleware/
https://iothub.org.cn/docs/middleware/timescale/timescale-deploy-cluster/

1.安装环境

访问节点：172.51.216.81
数据节点：172.51.216.82
数据节点：172.51.216.83
数据节点：172.51.216.84
 
操作系统：centos7.5
数据库：  PostgreSQL11、Timescaledb-v2.0

2.安装TimescaleDB

2.1. 安装PostgreSQL

1.安装EPEL仓库(安装数据库有些包依赖EPEL仓库)
# yum install epel-release
 
2.安装postgresql
# yum install -y https://download.postgresql.org/pub/repos/yum/reporpms/EL-7-x86_64/pgdg-redhat-repo-latest.noarch.rpm
 
# yum install -y postgresql11-server 
 
3.关闭防火墙
firewall-cmd --state                         #查看默认防火墙状态（关闭后显示notrunning，开启后显示running）
systemctl stop firewalld.service      #停止firewall
systemctl start firewalld.service      #开启防火墙
systemctl disable firewalld.service  #禁止firewall开机启动
systemctl enable firewalld.service   #开启firewall开机启动
 
4.主库初始化
# /usr/pgsql-11/bin/postgresql-11-setup initdb
 
启动服务 
# systemctl start postgresql-11 
 
服务自启动
# systemctl enable postgresql-11
# systemctl status postgresql-11 

2.2.安装Timescaledb插件

• 安装TimeScaleDB

cat > /etc/yum.repos.d/timescale_timescaledb.repo <<EOL
[timescale_timescaledb]
name=timescale_timescaledb
baseurl=https://packagecloud.io/timescale/timescaledb/el/$(rpm -E %{rhel})/\$basearch
repo_gpgcheck=1
gpgcheck=0
enabled=1
gpgkey=https://packagecloud.io/timescale/timescaledb/gpgkey
sslverify=1
sslcacert=/etc/pki/tls/certs/ca-bundle.crt
metadata_expire=300
EOL
 
# yum update -y
# yum install -y timescaledb-2-postgresql-11

• 配置Timescaledb

# 运行以下命令以启动配置向导：


# timescaledb-tune --pg-config=/usr/pgsql-11/bin/pg_config --quiet --yes 
 
[root@iZ2ze72jggg737pb9vp1g6Z ~]# timescaledb-tune --pg-config=/usr/pgsql-11/bin/pg_config --quiet --yes
Using postgresql.conf at this path:
/var/lib/pgsql/11/data/postgresql.conf
 
Writing backup to:
/tmp/timescaledb_tune.backup202103291649
 
Recommendations based on 7.64 GB of available memory and 2 CPUs for PostgreSQL 11
shared_preload_libraries = 'timescaledb'# (change requires restart)
shared_buffers = 1955MB
effective_cache_size = 5866MB
maintenance_work_mem = 1001211kB
work_mem = 10012kB
timescaledb.max_background_workers = 8
max_worker_processes = 13
max_parallel_workers_per_gather = 1
max_parallel_workers = 2
wal_buffers = 16MB
min_wal_size = 512MB
default_statistics_target = 500
random_page_cost = 1.1
checkpoint_completion_target = 0.9
max_locks_per_transaction = 64
autovacuum_max_workers = 10
autovacuum_naptime = 10
effective_io_concurrency = 200
timescaledb.last_tuned = '2021-03-29T16:49:56+08:00'
timescaledb.last_tuned_version = '0.11.0'
Saving changes to: /var/lib/pgsql/11/data/postgresql.conf

2.3.配置TimescaleDB

• 配置数据库

切换用户，设置数据库密码 
# su - postgres
 
$ psql
# ALTER USER postgres with encrypted password 'postgres';
 
postgres=# \q
#-bash-4.2$ exit

• 修改数据库配置文件

1.修改连接权限
# vim /var/lib/pgsql/11/data/pg_hba.conf
 
# 客户端访问
host    all             all             all                     md5
 
2.修改数据库配置：
# vim /var/lib/pgsql/11/data/postgresql.conf
 
listen_addresses = '*'            # what IP address(es) to listen on;
port = 5432                       # (change requires restart)
 
# 多节点必须配置：
max_prepared_transactions = 150
enable_partitionwise_aggregate = on

• 重启服务

# systemctl restart postgresql-11
# systemctl status postgresql-11

3.集群配置

1.设置访问节点 
 
# su - postgres
-bash-4.2$ vim /var/lib/pgsql/.pgpass
 
*:*:*:testuser:testuser
*:*:*:postgres:postgres
 
-bash-4.2$ chmod 600  /var/lib/pgsql/.pgpass 
 
2.设置数据节点（三个数据节点）  
在数据节点上编辑身份验证配置文件pg_hba.conf
 
# TYPE  DATABASE        USER            ADDRESS                 METHOD
host    all             all             172.51.216.81/32        trust
host    all             all             all                     md5 
 
重启主库服务
# systemctl restart postgresql-11
# systemctl status postgresql-11  

4.创建数据库

• 创建数据库（访问节点）

1.创建数据库
CREATE DATABASE multinode;
\c multinode
CREATE EXTENSION timescaledb;
 
2.添加数据节点
在服务器（访问节点：172.51.216.81）
SELECT add_data_node('dn2', host => '172.51.216.82');
SELECT add_data_node('dn3', host => '172.51.216.83');
SELECT add_data_node('dn4', host => '172.51.216.84');
 
3.创建新角色（访问节点创建）
CREATE ROLE testuser WITH LOGIN PASSWORD 'testuser';
CALL distributed_exec($$ CREATE ROLE testuser WITH LOGIN PASSWORD 'testuser' $$);
 
授予该用户访问Postgres的外部服务器对象的权限：
GRANT USAGE ON FOREIGN SERVER dn2, dn3, dn4 to testuser; 

• 创建分布式超表

SET ROLE testuser;

CREATE TABLE conditions (time timestamptz NOT NULL, device integer, temp float);

SELECT create_distributed_hypertable('conditions', 'time', 'device');

5.测试

# 插入数据
INSERT INTO conditions
SELECT time, (random()*30)::int, random()*80
FROM generate_series('2019-01-01 00:00:00'::timestamptz, '2019-02-01 00:00:00', '1 min') AS time;
 
# 查询
SELECT * FROM conditions; 

• 开源中间件

# TimescaleDB

https://iothub.org.cn/docs/middleware/
https://iothub.org.cn/docs/middleware/timescale/timescale-deploy-cluster/