spring学习笔记：spring事务管理

最新推荐文章于 2017-09-30 09:52:21 发布

iiyuanyuan

最新推荐文章于 2017-09-30 09:52:21 发布

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文章标签： spring bean class list aop attributes

<bean id="companyDao" class="dao.hibernate.CompanyDaoImpl"> <property name="hibernateTemplate" ref="hibernateTemplate" /> </bean>  <bean id="companyServiceTarget" class="services.CompanyService"> <property name="companyDao" ref="companyDao" /> </bean>  <bean id="txManager" class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DataSourceTransactionManager"> <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource" /> </bean>  <bean id="companyService" class="org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionProxyFactoryBean">  <property name="transactionManager" ref="txManager" />  <property name="target" ref="companyServiceTarget" />  <property name="optimize" value="true" />  <property name="transactionAttributes"> <props> <prop key="insert*">PROPAGATION_REQUIRED</prop> <prop key="update*">PROPAGATION_REQUIRED</prop> <prop key="delete*">PROPAGATION_REQUIRED</prop> <prop key="list">PROPAGATION_REQUIRED, readOnly</prop> <prop key="search*">PROPAGATION_REQUIRED, readOnly</prop> </props> </property> </bean> <bean id="companyDao" class="dao.hibernate.CompanyDaoImpl"> <property name="hibernateTemplate" ref="hibernateTemplate" /> </bean>  <bean id="companyServiceTarget" class="services.CompanyService"> <property name="companyDao" ref="companyDao" /> </bean>   数据库事务的4个特性：
原子性(atomic): 都成功或者都失败；
一致性(consistency):事务操作之后,数据库所处的状态和业务规则是一致的;比如a,b账户相互转账之后，总金额不变；
隔离性(isolation):操作中的事务不相互影响;
持久性(durability):事务提交后被持久化到数据库.
数据并发产生的问题:
脏读:一个事物a读到了另一个事务b未提交的数据,则b回滚后,a读取的数据无效;
不可重复读:一个事物a第二次读到了另一个事务b修改的数据;
幻读:在统计数据的事务a两次统计的数据不一致(因为有其他事务新增数据)
第一类丢失更新:a事务回滚覆盖了b事务提交的数据;
第二类丢失更新:a事务覆盖了b事务提交的数据.
事物隔离级别: READ_UNCOMMITED, READ_COMMITED, REPEATABLE_READ, SERIALIZABLE; 一般情况下READ_COMMITED足够了.
spring事务管理相关的接口:
TransactionDefinition:代表一个事物,描述了事务的隔离级别, 超时时间,事务是否只读, 传播规则等等;
TransactionStatus:描述事物的状态;
PlatformTransactionManager:事务管理器接口, 只定义了3个方法:getTransaction()获取事务的状态; commit();rollback();
事务管理器的实现类有多种,根据具体的持久层框架的不同而不同;
spring中的事务传播行为的种类:
PROPAGATION_REQUIRED: 如果当前没有事务,就创建一个事务;如果已经存在事务,则加入事务;
PROPAGATION_SUPPORTS: 如果已经存在事务,则加入事务;如果没有事务,则以非事务的方式执行;
PROPAGATION_MANDATORY: 使用当前事务, 如果没有, 则抛出异常;
PROPAGATION_REQUIRED_NEW: 新建事务,如果当前有事务, 则挂起;
PROPAGATION_NOT_SUPPORTED:以非事务的方式执行, 如果当前有事务, 则挂起;
PROPAGATION_NEVER:以非事务的方式执行, 如果当前有事务,则抛出异常;
使用spring声明式的事务管理:
大多数情况下,事务会放在services层,spring声明式的事务管理中,需要做以下的工作:
1 把dao,service注入到spring容器(这些dao, service不涉及事务);
2 需要注入一个transactionManager(它需要dataSource);
3 通过TransactionProxyFactoryBean为目标对象(需要事务的dao, service等等)提供事务增强,产生增强后的代理对象.
看代码:
先添加一个CompanyService,
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package services;
import java.util.List;
import model.Company;
import dao.hibernate.CompanyDao;

public class CompanyService {
private CompanyDao companyDao;
public CompanyDao getCompanyDao() {
return companyDao;
}
public void setCompanyDao(CompanyDao companyDao) {
this.companyDao = companyDao;
}
public void insertCompany(Company c){
//some security check
companyDao.save(c);
//some updates
}
public void deleteCompany(int id){
//some security check
companyDao.deleteById(id);
// some updates
}
public void updateCompany(Company c){
companyDao.save(c);
}
public List list(){
return companyDao.list();
}
}
package services;
import java.util.List;
import model.Company;
import dao.hibernate.CompanyDao;

public class CompanyService {
private CompanyDao companyDao;
public CompanyDao getCompanyDao() {
return companyDao;
}
public void setCompanyDao(CompanyDao companyDao) {
this.companyDao = companyDao;
}
public void insertCompany(Company c){
//some security check
companyDao.save(c);
//some updates
}
public void deleteCompany(int id){
//some security check
companyDao.deleteById(id);
// some updates
}
public void updateCompany(Company c){
companyDao.save(c);
}
public List list(){
return companyDao.list();
}
}

它调用dao组件执行crud.事务控制一般都放在这一层.

spring事务管理第一种配置方式：为每个目标bean配置一个代理
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<bean id="companyDao" class="dao.hibernate.CompanyDaoImpl">
<property name="hibernateTemplate" ref="hibernateTemplate" />
</bean>

<bean id="companyServiceTarget" class="services.CompanyService">
<property name="companyDao" ref="companyDao" />
</bean>

<bean id="txManager" class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DataSourceTransactionManager">
<property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource" />
</bean>

<bean id="companyService" class="org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionProxyFactoryBean">

<property name="transactionManager" ref="txManager" />

<property name="target" ref="companyServiceTarget" />

<property name="optimize" value="true" />

<property name="transactionAttributes">
<props>
   <prop key="insert*">PROPAGATION_REQUIRED</prop>
   <prop key="update*">PROPAGATION_REQUIRED</prop>
   <prop key="delete*">PROPAGATION_REQUIRED</prop>
   <prop key="list">PROPAGATION_REQUIRED, readOnly</prop>
   <prop key="search*">PROPAGATION_REQUIRED, readOnly</prop>
</props>
</property>
</bean>
<bean id="companyDao" class="dao.hibernate.CompanyDaoImpl">
<property name="hibernateTemplate" ref="hibernateTemplate" />
</bean>

<bean id="companyServiceTarget" class="services.CompanyService">
<property name="companyDao" ref="companyDao" />
</bean>

<bean id="txManager" class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DataSourceTransactionManager">
<property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource" />
</bean>

<bean id="companyService" class="org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionProxyFactoryBean">

<property name="transactionManager" ref="txManager" />

<property name="target" ref="companyServiceTarget" />

<property name="optimize" value="true" />

<property name="transactionAttributes">
<props>
   <prop key="insert*">PROPAGATION_REQUIRED</prop>
   <prop key="update*">PROPAGATION_REQUIRED</prop>
   <prop key="delete*">PROPAGATION_REQUIRED</prop>
   <prop key="list">PROPAGATION_REQUIRED, readOnly</prop>
   <prop key="search*">PROPAGATION_REQUIRED, readOnly</prop>
</props>
</property>
</bean>
测试:
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public class Test {
public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException, SQLException{
ApplicationContext c = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("spring-test.xml");
CompanyService s = (CompanyService)c.getBean("companyService");
List list = s.list();
System.out.println(list.size());
s.insertCompany(new Company("www.ddd.com","ddd","wuhan", new Date()));
}}
public class Test {
public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException, SQLException{
ApplicationContext c = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("spring-test.xml");
CompanyService s = (CompanyService)c.getBean("companyService");
List list = s.list();
System.out.println(list.size());
s.insertCompany(new Company("www.ddd.com","ddd","wuhan", new Date()));
}}

你会发现，这里的配置和前面讲的spring aop多么的相同，不错，他们的原理都是一样的，如果你没有了解过spring aop, 建议看一下。

通常情况下,service层需要的事务控制的配置大都相同,而且方法名大都是insertXXX, updateXXX, deleteXXX, searchXXX, checkXXX诸如此类,所以我们可以配置一个可复用的事务代理:

spring事务管理第二种配置方式：目标bean共享代理基类
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<bean id="baseTransactionProxy" class="org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionProxyFactoryBean" abstract="true">
<property name="transactionManager" ref="txManager" />


<property name="transactionAttributes">
<props>
   <prop key="insert*">PROPAGATION_REQUIRED</prop>
   <prop key="update*">PROPAGATION_REQUIRED</prop>
   <prop key="delete*">PROPAGATION_REQUIRED</prop>
   <prop key="list">PROPAGATION_REQUIRED, readOnly</prop>
   <prop key="search*">PROPAGATION_REQUIRED, readOnly</prop>
</props>
</property>
</bean>
<bean id="companyService" parent="baseTransactionProxy">
<property name="target" ref="companyServiceTarget" />
</bean>
<bean id="otherService" parent="baseTransactionProxy">
<property name="target" ref="otherServiceTarget" />
</bean>
......

<bean id="baseTransactionProxy" class="org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionProxyFactoryBean" abstract="true">
<property name="transactionManager" ref="txManager" />


<property name="transactionAttributes">
<props>
   <prop key="insert*">PROPAGATION_REQUIRED</prop>
   <prop key="update*">PROPAGATION_REQUIRED</prop>
   <prop key="delete*">PROPAGATION_REQUIRED</prop>
   <prop key="list">PROPAGATION_REQUIRED, readOnly</prop>
   <prop key="search*">PROPAGATION_REQUIRED, readOnly</prop>
</props>
</property>
</bean>
<bean id="companyService" parent="baseTransactionProxy">
<property name="target" ref="companyServiceTarget" />
</bean>
<bean id="otherService" parent="baseTransactionProxy">
<property name="target" ref="otherServiceTarget" />
</bean>
......

虽然我们为需要事务增强的bean配置了代理类,但是难保用户还会直接使用目标对象companyServiceTarget; 可以使用拦截器.

spring事务管理第三种配置方式：使用拦截器

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<bean id="transactionInterceptor" class="org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionInterceptor">
    <property name="transactionManager" ref="txManager" />
    <property name="transactionAttributes">
        <props>
            <prop key="*">PROPAGATION_REQUIRED</prop>
        </props>
    </property>
</bean>

<bean class="org.springframework.aop.framework.autoproxy.BeanNameAutoProxyCreator">
    <property name="beanNames">
        <list>
            <value>companyServiceTarget</value>
        </list>
    </property>
    <property name="interceptorNames">
        <list>
            <value>transactionInterceptor</value>
        </list>
    </property>
</bean>

<bean id="transactionInterceptor" class="org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionInterceptor">
<property name="transactionManager" ref="txManager" />
    <property name="transactionAttributes">
        <props>
            <prop key="*">PROPAGATION_REQUIRED</prop>
        </props>
    </property>
</bean>

<bean class="org.springframework.aop.framework.autoproxy.BeanNameAutoProxyCreator">
    <property name="beanNames">
        <list>
            <value>companyServiceTarget</value>
        </list>
    </property>
    <property name="interceptorNames">
        <list>
            <value>transactionInterceptor</value>
        </list>
    </property>
</bean>

测试:此时可以直接使用companyServiceTarget.

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public class Test {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException, SQLException{
        ApplicationContext c = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("spring-test.xml");
        //直接使用目标对象
        CompanyService s = (CompanyService)c.getBean("companyServiceTarget");
        List list = s.list();
        System.out.println(list.size());
        s.insertCompany(new Company("www.ddd.com","ddd","wuhan", new Date()));
}}
public class Test {
public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException, SQLException{
  ApplicationContext c = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("spring-test.xml");
  //直接使用目标对象
  CompanyService s = (CompanyService)c.getBean("companyServiceTarget");
  List list = s.list();
  System.out.println(list.size());
  s.insertCompany(new Company("www.ddd.com","ddd","wuhan", new Date()));
}}

spring事务管理第四种配置方式：使用tx命名空间

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<tx:advice id="txAdvice" transaction-manager="txManager">
    <tx:attributes>
        <tx:method name="insert*" propagation="REQUIRED" />
        <tx:method name="update*" propagation="REQUIRED" />
        <tx:method name="delete*" propagation="REQUIRED" />
        <tx:method name="list" propagation="REQUIRED" read-only="true" />
    </tx:attributes>
</tx:advice>
<aop:config>
    <aop:pointcut id="interceptorPointCuts"
        expression="execution(* services.*Service(..))" />
    <aop:advisor advice-ref="txAdvice"
        pointcut-ref="interceptorPointCuts" />
</aop:config>
<tx:advice id="txAdvice" transaction-manager="txManager">
    <tx:attributes>
        <tx:method name="insert*" propagation="REQUIRED" />
        <tx:method name="update*" propagation="REQUIRED" />
        <tx:method name="delete*" propagation="REQUIRED" />
        <tx:method name="list" propagation="REQUIRED" read-only="true" />
    </tx:attributes>
</tx:advice>
<aop:config>
    <aop:pointcut id="interceptorPointCuts"
        expression="execution(* services.*Service(..))" />
    <aop:advisor advice-ref="txAdvice"
        pointcut-ref="interceptorPointCuts" />
</aop:config>