1、核心
将能够处理同一类请求的对象连成一条链,所提交的请求沿着链传递,链上的对象逐个判断是否有能力处理该请求,如果能则处理,如果不能则传递给链上的下一个对象。
2、应用场景
-Java中,异常机制就是一种责任链模式。一个try可以对应多个catch,当第一个catch不匹配类型,则自动跳到第二个catch
-Javascript语言中,事件的冒泡和捕获机制。(Java语言中,事件的处理采用观察者模式。)
-Servlet开发中,过滤器的链式处理
-Struts2中,拦截器的调用也是典型的责任链模式
3、代码示例
问题场景:
公司里面,请假条的审批过程:
如果请假天数小于3天,主任审批;
如果请假天数大于等于3天,小于10天,经理审批;
如果大于等于10天,小于30天,总经理审批;
如果大于等于30天,提示拒绝。
/**
* 请假条类:封装请假信息
* @author ly1
*
*/
public class LeaveRequest {
/**
* 请假者姓名
*/
private String name;
/**
* 请假天数
*/
private int leaveOfDays;
/**
* 请假原因
*/
private String reason;
public LeaveRequest(String name, int leaveOfDays, String reason) {
super();
this.name = name;
this.leaveOfDays = leaveOfDays;
this.reason = reason;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public int getLeaveOfDays() {
return leaveOfDays;
}
public void setLeaveOfDays(int leaveOfDays) {
this.leaveOfDays = leaveOfDays;
}
public String getReason() {
return reason;
}
public void setReason(String reason) {
this.reason = reason;
}
}
/**
* 领导抽象类
* @author ly1
*
*/
public abstract class Leader {
protected String name;
protected Leader nextLeader;
public Leader(String name) {
super();
this.name = name;
}
public void setNextLeader(Leader nextLeader) {
this.nextLeader = nextLeader;
}
public abstract void handleRequest(LeaveRequest request);
}
/**
* 主任类
* @author ly1
*
*/
public class Director extends Leader{
public Director(String name) {
super(name);
}
@Override
public void handleRequest(LeaveRequest request) {
if(request.getLeaveOfDays() < 3){
System.out.println("员工:" + request.getName() + "请假,天数:" + request.getLeaveOfDays() + ",理由" + request.getReason());
System.out.println("主任:" + this.name + ",审批通过!");
}else{
this.nextLeader.handleRequest(request);
}
}
}
/**
* 经理类
* @author ly1
*
*/
public class Manager extends Leader{
public Manager(String name) {
super(name);
}
@Override
public void handleRequest(LeaveRequest request) {
if(request.getLeaveOfDays() < 10){
System.out.println("员工:" + request.getName() + "请假,天数:" + request.getLeaveOfDays() + ",理由" + request.getReason());
System.out.println("经理:" + this.name + ",审批通过!");
}else{
this.nextLeader.handleRequest(request);
}
}
}
/**
* 总经理类
* @author ly1
*
*/
public class GeneralManager extends Leader{
public GeneralManager(String name) {
super(name);
}
@Override
public void handleRequest(LeaveRequest request) {
if(request.getLeaveOfDays() < 30){
System.out.println("员工:" + request.getName() + "请假,天数:" + request.getLeaveOfDays() + ",理由" + request.getReason());
System.out.println("总经理:" + this.name + ",审批通过!");
}else{
System.out.println(request.getName()+",你是不想干了吧!");
}
}
}
/**
* 客户端调用
* @author ly1
*
*/
public class Client {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Leader director = new Director("李主任");
Leader manager = new Manager("王经理");
Leader gManager = new GeneralManager("刘总经理");
director.setNextLeader(manager);
manager.setNextLeader(gManager);
LeaveRequest request1 = new LeaveRequest("Bob", 1, "休息");
director.handleRequest(request1);
LeaveRequest request2 = new LeaveRequest("Alice", 6, "十一黄金周");
director.handleRequest(request2);
LeaveRequest request3 = new LeaveRequest("Tom", 17, "出国旅游");
director.handleRequest(request3);
}
}
结果:
员工:Bob请假,天数:1,理由休息
主任:李主任,审批通过!
员工:Alice请假,天数:6,理由十一黄金周
经理:王经理,审批通过!
员工:Tom请假,天数:17,理由出国旅游
总经理:刘总经理,审批通过!