Q1.5

/*Write a method to replace all spaces in a string with '%20'.*/
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include <cstring> 
using namespace std;

/*method1*/
string replaceSpace(string s)
{
	int len = s.length();
	int lent = len;
	int i, j;
	//计算转换后字符串的总长度
	for(i=0; i<len; ++i)
	{
		if(s[i]==' ')
			lent+=2;
	} 
	string t(lent, 'a');	//初始化转换后的字符串 

	for(i=0,j=0; i<len; ++i)
	{
		if(s[i]==' ')
		{
			t[j]='%';
			t[++j]='2';
			t[++j]='0';
			++j;
		}
		else
		{
			t[j]=s[i];
			++j;
		}
	}
	return t;
}

/*method2*/
char* replace1(char *c)
{
	if(c == NULL) return NULL;
	int len = strlen(c);
	if(len == 0) return NULL;
	int cnt = 0;
	for(int i=0; i<len; ++i)
	{
		if(c[i] == ' ')
			++cnt;
	}
	char *cc = new char[len+2*cnt+1];
	int p = 0;
	for(int i=0; i<len; ++i)
	{
		if(c[i] == ' ')
		{
			cc[p] = '%';
			cc[p+1] = '2';
			cc[p+2] = '0';
			p += 3;
		}
		else
		{
			cc[p] = c[i];
			++p;
		}
	}
	cc[p] = '\0';
	return cc;
}

/*method3: 如果原串有足够大的空间,则替换过程直接在原串上进行,因为从后向前替换的过程中,新串用到的空间一定是旧串不需要的空间*/
void replace2(char *c)
{
	if(c == NULL) return;
	int len = strlen(c);
	if(len == 0) return;
	int cnt = 0;
	for(int i=0; i<len; ++i)
	{
		if(c[i] == ' ')
			++cnt;
	}
	int p = len + 2*cnt;
	c[p--] = '\0';	//the space must be allocated first.
	for(int i=len-1; i>=0; --i)
	{
		if(c[i] == ' ')
		{
			c[p] = '0';
			c[p-1] = '2';
			c[p-2] = '%';
			p -= 3;
		}
		else
		{
			c[p] = c[i];
			--p;
		}
	} 
} 


int main()
{
	string s = "My name is superloo^^";
	string s1 = " ";
	string s2 = "";
	const int len = 100;
	char c[len] = "My name is superloo^^";
	cout << "replace1(" << c << ") = " << replace1(c) << endl;
	replace2(c);
	cout << "replace2 = " << c << endl;
	cout << "replaceSpace(" << s << ") = " << replaceSpace(s) << endl;
	return 0;
}