理解线程的小程序

一个简单的C语言实现的线程示例

在看《Beginning Linux Programming》时,为了更好的理解线程的概念,书中列举了这样一个小例子:

#include <stdio.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <pthread.h>

void *thread_function(void *arg);
char message[] = "Hello World";

int main() {
  int res;
  pthread_t a_thread;
  void *thread_result;

  res = pthread_create(&a_thread, NULL, thread_function, (void *)message);
  if (res != 0) {
    perror("Thread creation failed");
    exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
  }
  printf("Waiting for thread to finish...\n");
  res = pthread_join(a_thread, &thread_result);
  if (res != 0) {
    perror("thread join failed");
    exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
  }
  printf("Thread joined, it returned %s\n", (char *)thread_result);
  printf("Message is now %s\n", message);
  exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
}

void *thread_function(void *arg) {
  printf("thread_function is running, Argument was %s\n", (char *)arg);
  sleep(3);
  strcpy(message, "Bye!");
  pthread_exit("Thank you for the CPU time");
}

将程序编译链接后运行,可以看到下面这样的结果

➜  chapter12 ./thread
Waiting for thread to finish...
thread_function is running, Argument was Hello World
Thread joined, it returned Thank you for the CPU time
Message is now Bye!

这里使用 pthread_create 创建新线程, pthread_create 的定义如下:

#include <pthread.h>

int pthread_create(pthread_t *thread, pthread_attr_t *attr, void *(*start_routine)(void *), void *arg);

根据 pthread_create 要求, thread_function 只有一个指向void的指针作为参数,返回的也是指向void的指针。
当创建新的线程后,新线程在 thread_function 中开始执行,打印自己的参数。
原有线程在确保新线程启动后调用 pthread_join 函数等到线程结束,并且将新线程的返回值存在 thread_result 指针里。
新线程可以直接访问 message 数组变量,如果是调用 fork() 的话就没有这种效果。

python也提供了处理线程相关的 thread 和 基于它上面抽象的 threading 等模块,将在以后的文章中探究。

不由感慨,如果不多懂一些C语言,那么很难提高自己Python水平啊。

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多线程 求质数 返回数组中的最大值 bool isPrime(long x) { if (x <= 1) return false; if (x == 2) return true; for (long i = 2; i <= ceil(sqrt((long double)x));i++) if (x%i == 0) return false; return true; } DWORD WINAPI findPrime(void* p) { long result=0; int l = stc(p)->lower, u = stc(p)->uper; int t_id=GetCurrentThreadId(); for (int i = l; i <= u;i++) if (isPrime(i)) { result++; } DWORD dReturn = WaitForSingleObject(mutex_mul_result_h, INFINITE); mul_result += result; ReleaseMutex(mutex_mul_result_h); //EnterCriticalSection(&gCRITICAL_SECTION_Printf); //printf("%d,%d,%d,%d\n", l, u, result,t_id); //fflush(stdout); //LeaveCriticalSection(&gCRITICAL_SECTION_Printf); return 0; } //dispatcher void dispatch() { DWORD Status; timer tm; tm.start(); //srand(time(NULL)); long step = STEP;//ceil(double(TEST/10)); handlenum = 0; for (int i = 1; i <= TEST;) { i += step; handlenum++; } handle_array=new HANDLE[handlenum]; Thread_id = new DWORD[handlenum ]; arg = new FP_ARG[handlenum]; InitializeCriticalSection(&gCRITICAL_SECTION_Printf); mutex_mul_result_h = CreateMutex(NULL, false, mutex_mul_result); handlenum = 0; for (int i = 1; i <= TEST;) { arg[handlenum].lower = i; arg[handlenum].uper = (i + step-1>TEST) ? TEST : i + step-1; handle_array[handlenum]=(HANDLE)CreateThread(NULL, 0, findPrime, &arg[handlenum], 0, &Thread_id[handlenum]); /*EnterCriticalSection(&gCRITICAL_SECTION_Printf); printf("lower:%d uper:%d thread_id:%d\n", arg[handlenum].lower, arg[handlenum].uper,Thread_id[handlenum]); LeaveCriticalSection(&gCRITICAL_SECTION_Printf);*/ i += step; handlenum++; } tm.stop(); Sleep(1000); printf("there are %d threads\n", handlenum); printf("the multithreads use %f msc\n", tm.read()); } //the number of 1-1000000 Primenumber void s_finePrime() { timer tm; long result = 0; tm.start(); for (int i = 1; i <= TEST; i++) if (isPrime(i)) result++; tm.stop(); printf("Single thread result is %d\n", result); printf("Single thread use %f msc\n", tm.read()); } int _tmain(int argc, _TCHAR* argv[]) { dispatch(); WaitForMultipleObjects(handlenum, handle_array, true, INFINITE);//不起作用 printf("the multithreads reslut is %d\n", mul_result); CloseHandle(mutex_mul_result_h); DeleteCriticalSection(&gCRITICAL_SECTION_Printf); s_finePrime(); system("pause"); return 0; }
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