JAVA 创建线程的三种方式对比和解释

JAVA创建线程一共有三种方式，Thread类，Runable接口，Callable接口。

1)继承Thread类，Thread实现了Runable方法，调用start()方法，执行实现的run()方法。

public class ThreadTest extends Thread {
	private String name;
	
	public ThreadTest(String name) {
		this.name=name;
	}

	@Override
	public void run() {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		for(int i=0;i<10;i++) {
		   System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+name);
		   try {
			Thread.sleep(new Random().nextInt(100));
		} catch (InterruptedException e) {
			// TODO Auto-generated catch block
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
		}
		System.out.println(name+"finsh");
	}
	
	
	public static void main(String[] args) {
		new ThreadTest("A").start();
		new ThreadTest("B").start();
	}
	
}

执行结果：

2）通过实现Runnable接口，步骤1）实现runable接口，并实现run方法 2）创建Runable实例，通过Thread对象创建线程，调用start()方法

import java.util.Random;

public class RunableTest implements Runnable{
	private String name;
	private int j;
	public  RunableTest(String name) {
		// TODO Auto-generated constructor stub
		this.name=name;
	}
	@Override
	public void run() {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		for(int i=0;i<10;i++) {
			  
			   try {
				Thread.sleep(new Random().nextInt(100));
				j++;
				 System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+name+".."+j);
			} catch (InterruptedException e) {
				// TODO Auto-generated catch block
				e.printStackTrace();
			}
			}
			System.out.println(name+" finsh");
	}

	
  public static void main(String[] args) {
	  RunableTest R=new RunableTest("A");
	  new Thread(R).start();
	  new Thread(R).start();
}
}

执行结果：红色表示多个线程可以共享变量j，而Thread无法实现。

3)通过Callable和Future创建线程

（1）创建Callable接口的实现类，并实现call()方法，该call()方法将作为线程执行体，并且有返回值。

（2）创建Callable实现类的实例，使用FutureTask类来包装Callable对象，该FutureTask对象封装了该Callable对象的call()方法的返回值。

（3）使用FutureTask对象作为Thread对象的target创建并启动新线程。

（4）调用FutureTask对象的get()方法来获得子线程执行结束后的返回值

import java.util.Random;
import java.util.concurrent.Callable;
import java.util.concurrent.FutureTask;

public class CallableTest implements Callable<Integer> {
	
	public String name;
	
	public  CallableTest(String name) {
		// TODO Auto-generated constructor stub
		this.name=name;
	}
	@Override
	public Integer call() throws Exception {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		int i=0;
		for(;i<10;i++) {
			   System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+name);
			   try {
				Thread.sleep(new Random().nextInt(100));
			} catch (InterruptedException e) {
				// TODO Auto-generated catch block
				e.printStackTrace();
			}
			}
			System.out.println("A finsh");
		return i;
	}

public static void main(String[] args) {
	CallableTest b=new CallableTest("A");
	CallableTest c=new CallableTest("B");
	FutureTask<Integer> Task1 = new FutureTask<Integer>(b);
	FutureTask<Integer> Task2 = new FutureTask<Integer>(c);
	new Thread(Task1).start();
	new Thread(Task2).start();
}
}

执行结果：

一个在论坛看到的问题：

import java.util.Random;
import java.util.concurrent.Callable;
import java.util.concurrent.FutureTask;

public class Test {

	public static void main(String[] args) {
		Thr hh=new Thr();
	    FutureTask<String> a=new FutureTask<String>(hh);
		new Thread(a,"aaa").start();//开启线程aaa
		System.out.println(1);
		new Thread(a,"bbb").start();//开启线程bbb
		System.out.println(2);
		new Thread(a,"ccc").start();//开启线程ccc
		System.out.println(3);

}
}

class Thr implements Callable<String>{
	int i=0;
	@Override
	public String call() throws Exception {
		/*
		 * 如果线程是aaa，则执行以下代码
		 */
	if(Thread.currentThread().getName().equals("aaa")){
		for(;i<20;i++){
			System.out.println("aaa"+i);
			}
		System.out.println("aaa finish");
		return "aaa finish";
	}

	/*
	 * 如果线程是bbb，则执行以下代码
	 */
	else if(Thread.currentThread().getName().equals("bbb")){
		for(;i<40;i++){
			System.out.println("bbb"+i);
		}
		System.out.println("bbb finish");
		return "bbb finish";
	}
	
	/*
	 * 如果线程是ccc，则执行以下代码
	 */
	else if(Thread.currentThread().getName().equals("ccc")){
		for(;i<60;i++){
			System.out.println("ccc"+i);
		}
		System.out.println("ccc finish");
		return "ccc finish";
	}
	return "exe failure";
	
	}
	
}

这个执行结果为什么bb cc 不执行。 根本原因是当bbb和ccc执行调用

new Thread(a,"bbb").start(); new Thread(a,"cc").start();这两个代码时 FutureTask 对象a 的状态已经不是NEW,见下面源码

    public FutureTask(Callable<V> callable) {
        if (callable == null)
            throw new NullPointerException();
        this.callable = callable;
        this.state = NEW;       // ensure visibility of callable 初始化时state为NEW
    }

FutureTask 实现了 RunnableFuture<V> 接口 ，RunnableFuture extends Runnable, Future<V>  。所以也会执行run()方法。

读下面前两句可以发现state!=NEW时会直接返回，而三个Thread共享一个 FutureTask a 对象 所以

public void run() {
        if (state != NEW ||
            !UNSAFE.compareAndSwapObject(this, runnerOffset,
                                         null, Thread.currentThread()))
            return;
        try {
            Callable<V> c = callable;
            if (c != null && state == NEW) {
                V result;
                boolean ran;
                try {
                    result = c.call();
                    ran = true;
                } catch (Throwable ex) {
                    result = null;
                    ran = false;
                    setException(ex);
                }
                if (ran)
                    set(result);//执行setResult会修改state值为其他值，见下图断点
            }
        } finally {
            // runner must be non-null until state is settled to
            // prevent concurrent calls to run()
            runner = null;
            // state must be re-read after nulling runner to prevent
            // leaked interrupts
            int s = state;
            if (s >= INTERRUPTING)
                handlePossibleCancellationInterrupt(s);
        }
    }

state更改后，因为启动的是一个对象，所以后两个启动线程，当执行到run方法是由于state不是0所以不会执行！执行结果也就合理了！

有问题欢迎指正谢谢！