嵌入式系统驱动初级【9】——中断处理上_基础框架

imysy_22_

已于 2022-09-14 00:00:02 修改

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分类专栏：嵌入式系统驱动文章标签： ubuntu linux 驱动开发

于 2022-08-06 17:05:45 首次发布

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/imysy_22_/article/details/126197793

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# 一、什么是中断

一种硬件上的通知机制，用来通知CPU发生了某种需要立即处理的事件

分为：

1. 内部中断 CPU执行程序的过程中，发生的一些硬件出错、运算出错事件（如分母为0、溢出等等），不可屏蔽

2. 外部中断外设发生某种情况，通过一个引脚的高、低电平变化来通知CPU （如外设产生了数据、某种处理完毕等等）

# 二、中断处理原理

任何一种中断产生，CPU都会暂停当前执行的程序，跳转到内存固定位置执行一段程序，该程序被称为总的中断服务程序，在该程序中区分中断源，然后进一步调用该中断源对应的处理函数。

中断源对应的处理函数被称为分中断处理程序，一般每一个分中断处理程序对应一个外设产生的中断

写驱动时，如果外设有中断，则需要编写一个函数（分中断处理程序）来处理这种中断

# 三、中断接口

## 3.1 中断申请

```c

int request_irq(unsigned int irq, irq_handler_t handler, unsigned long flags,const char *name, void *dev)

参数：

irq：所申请的中断号

handler：该中断号对应的中断处理函数

flags：中断触发方式或处理方式

触发方式：IRQF_TRIGGER_NONE //无触发

IRQF_TRIGGER_RISING //上升沿触发

IRQF_TRIGGER_FALLING //下降沿触发

IRQF_TRIGGER_HIGH //高电平触发

IRQF_TRIGGER_LOW //低电平触发

处理方式：

IRQF_DISABLED //用于快速中断，处理中屏蔽所有中断

IRQF_SHARED //共享中断

name：中断名 /proc/interrupts

dev：传递给中断例程的参数，共享中断时用于区分那个设备，一般为对应设备的结构体地址，无共享中断时写NULL

返回值：成功：0 失败：错误码

```

## 3.2 中断释放

```c

void free_irq(unsigned int irq, void *dev_id)；

功能：释放中断号

参数：

irq：设备号

dev_id：共享中断时用于区分那个设备一般强转成设备号，无共享中断时写NULL

```

## 3.3 中断处理函数原型

```c

typedef irqreturn_t (*irq_handler_t)(int, void *);

参数：

int：中断号

void*:对应的申请中断时的dev_id

返回值：

typedef enum irqreturn irqreturn_t; //中断返回值类型

enum irqreturn {

IRQ_NONE = (0 << 0),

IRQ_HANDLED = (1 << 0),

IRQ_WAKE_THREAD = (1 << 1),

};

返回IRQ_HANDLED表示处理完了,返回IRQ_NONE在共享中断表示不处理

```

# 四、按键驱动

按键原理图：

exynos4412-fs4412.dts中增加节点

```

mykey2_node {

compatible = "mykey2,key2";

key2-gpio = <&gpx1 1 0>;

interrupt-parent = <&gpx1>;

interrupts = <1 3>;

};

```

fs4412key3.c

#include <linux/module.h>
#include <linux/kernel.h>
#include <linux/fs.h>
#include <linux/gpio.h>
#include <linux/interrupt.h>
#include <linux/of_gpio.h>
#include <linux/of_irq.h>
#include <linux/cdev.h>
#include <linux/wait.h>
#include <linux/sched.h>
#include <linux/poll.h>
#include <linux/mm.h>
#include <linux/delay.h>
#include <linux/slab.h>
#include <asm/uaccess.h>

#include "fs4412_key.h"


int major = 11;
int minor = 0;
int fs4412key3_num  = 1;

struct fs4412key3_dev
{
	struct cdev mydev;

	int gpio;
	int irqno;

	struct keyvalue data;
	int newflag;
	spinlock_t lock;

	wait_queue_head_t rq;
};

struct fs4412key3_dev *pgmydev = NULL;

int fs4412key3_open(struct inode *pnode,struct file *pfile)
{
	pfile->private_data =(void *) (container_of(pnode->i_cdev,struct fs4412key3_dev,mydev));
	return 0;
}

int fs4412key3_close(struct inode *pnode,struct file *pfile)
{

	return 0;
}

ssize_t fs4412key3_read(struct file *pfile,char __user *puser,size_t count,loff_t *p_pos)
{
	struct fs4412key3_dev *pmydev = (struct fs4412key3_dev *)pfile->private_data;
	int size = 0;
	int ret = 0;

	if(count < sizeof(struct keyvalue))
	{
		printk("expect read size is invalid\n");
		return -1;
	}

	spin_lock(&pmydev->lock);
	if(!pmydev->newflag)
	{
		if(pfile->f_flags & O_NONBLOCK)
		{//非阻塞
			spin_unlock(&pmydev->lock);
			printk("O_NONBLOCK No Data Read\n");
			return -1;
		}
		else
		{//阻塞
			spin_unlock(&pmydev->lock);
			ret = wait_event_interruptible(pmydev->rq,pmydev->newflag == 1);
			if(ret)
			{
				printk("Wake up by signal\n");
				return -ERESTARTSYS;
			}
			spin_lock(&pmydev->lock);
		}
	}

	if(count > sizeof(struct keyvalue))
	{
		size = sizeof(struct keyvalue);
	}
	else
	{
		size = count;
	}

	ret = copy_to_user(puser,&pmydev->data,size);
	if(ret)
	{
		spin_unlock(&pmydev->lock);
		printk("copy_to_user failed\n");
		return -1;
	}

	pmydev->newflag = 0;

	spin_unlock(&pmydev->lock);

	return size;
}

unsigned int fs4412key3_poll(struct file *pfile,poll_table *ptb)
{
	struct fs4412key3_dev *pmydev = (struct fs4412key3_dev *)pfile->private_data;
	unsigned int mask = 0;

	poll_wait(pfile,&pmydev->rq,ptb);

	spin_lock(&pmydev->lock);
	if(pmydev->newflag)
	{
		mask |= POLLIN | POLLRDNORM;
	}
	spin_unlock(&pmydev->lock);

	return mask;
}

struct file_operations myops = {
	.owner = THIS_MODULE,
	.open = fs4412key3_open,
	.release = fs4412key3_close,
	.read = fs4412key3_read,
	.poll = fs4412key3_poll,
};

irqreturn_t key3_irq_handle(int no,void *arg)
{
	struct fs4412key3_dev *pmydev = (struct fs4412key3_dev *)arg;
	int status1 = 0;
	int status2 = 0;
	int status = 0;

	status1 = gpio_get_value(pmydev->gpio);
	mdelay(1);
	status2 = gpio_get_value(pmydev->gpio);

	if(status1 != status2)
	{
		return IRQ_NONE;
	}

	status = status1;

	spin_lock(&pmydev->lock);
	if(status == pmydev->data.status)
	{
		spin_unlock(&pmydev->lock);
		return IRQ_NONE;
	}

	pmydev->data.code = KEY3;
	pmydev->data.status = status;
	pmydev->newflag = 1;

	spin_unlock(&pmydev->lock);
	wake_up(&pmydev->rq);

	return IRQ_HANDLED;
}

int __init fs4412key3_init(void)
{
	int ret = 0;
	dev_t devno = MKDEV(major,minor);

	struct device_node *pnode = NULL;

	pnode = of_find_node_by_path("/fs4412-key");
	if(NULL == pnode)
	{
		printk("find node failed\n");
		return -1;
	}


	pgmydev = (struct fs4412key3_dev *)kmalloc(sizeof(struct fs4412key3_dev),GFP_KERNEL);
	if(NULL == pgmydev)
	{
		printk("kmallc for struct fs4412key3_dev failed\n");
		return -1;
	}

	pgmydev->gpio = of_get_named_gpio(pnode,"key3-gpio",0);

	pgmydev->irqno = irq_of_parse_and_map(pnode,0);

	/*申请设备号*/
	ret = register_chrdev_region(devno,fs4412key3_num,"fs4412key3");
	if(ret)
	{
		ret = alloc_chrdev_region(&devno,minor,fs4412key3_num,"fs4412key3");
		if(ret)
		{
			kfree(pgmydev);
			pgmydev = NULL;
			printk("get devno failed\n");
			return -1;
		}
		major = MAJOR(devno);//容易遗漏，注意
	}

	/*给struct cdev对象指定操作函数集*/	
	cdev_init(&pgmydev->mydev,&myops);

	/*将struct cdev对象添加到内核对应的数据结构里*/
	pgmydev->mydev.owner = THIS_MODULE;
	cdev_add(&pgmydev->mydev,devno,fs4412key3_num);


	init_waitqueue_head(&pgmydev->rq);

	spin_lock_init(&pgmydev->lock);
	
	ret = request_irq(pgmydev->irqno,key3_irq_handle,IRQF_TRIGGER_FALLING | IRQF_TRIGGER_RISING,"fs4412key3",pgmydev);
	if(ret)
	{
		printk("request_irq failed\n");
		cdev_del(&pgmydev->mydev);
		kfree(pgmydev);
		pgmydev = NULL;
		unregister_chrdev_region(devno,fs4412key3_num);
		return -1;
	}
	return 0;
}

void __exit fs4412key3_exit(void)
{
	dev_t devno = MKDEV(major,minor);

	free_irq(pgmydev->irqno,pgmydev);

	cdev_del(&pgmydev->mydev);

	unregister_chrdev_region(devno,fs4412key3_num);

	kfree(pgmydev);
	pgmydev = NULL;
}


MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");

module_init(fs4412key3_init);
module_exit(fs4412key3_exit);

fs4412_key.h

#ifndef FS4412_KEY_H
#define FS4412_KEY_H

enum KEYCODE
{
	KEY2 = 1002,
	KEY3 = 1003,
	KEY4,
};

enum KEY_STATUS
{
	KEY_DOWN = 0,
	KEY_UP,
};

struct keyvalue
{
	int code;//which KEY
	int status;
};

#endif

testkey3_app.c

#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <sys/ioctl.h>
#include <unistd.h>

#include <stdio.h>

#include "fs4412_key.h"

int main(int argc,char *argv[])
{
	int fd = -1;
	struct keyvalue keydata = {0};
	int ret = 0;

	if(argc < 2)
	{
		printf("The argument is too few\n");
		return 1;
	}

	fd = open(argv[1],O_RDONLY);
	if(fd < 0)
	{
		printf("open %s failed\n",argv[1]);
		return 3;
	}

	while((ret = read(fd,&keydata,sizeof(keydata))) == sizeof(keydata))
	{
		if(keydata.status == KEY_DOWN)
		{
			printf("Key2 is down!\n");
		}
		else
		{
			printf("Key2 is up!\n");
		}
	}

	close(fd);
	fd = -1;
	return 0;
}

Makefile：

ifeq ($(KERNELRELEASE),)

ifeq ($(ARCH),arm)
KERNELDIR ?= /home/linux/fs4412/linux-3.14
ROOTFS ?= /opt/4412/rootfs
else
KERNELDIR ?= /lib/modules/$(shell uname -r)/build
endif
PWD := $(shell pwd)

modules:
	$(MAKE) -C $(KERNELDIR) M=$(PWD) modules

modules_install:
	$(MAKE) -C $(KERNELDIR) M=$(PWD) modules INSTALL_MOD_PATH=$(ROOTFS) modules_install

clean:
	rm -rf  *.o  *.ko  .*.cmd  *.mod.*  modules.order  Module.symvers   .tmp_versions

else
#obj-m += myhello.o
#obj-m += para_test.o
#obj-m += led_dev.o
obj-m += fs4412key3.o

endif

结果：