复现代码
代码已跑通
import tensorflow as tf
from tensorflow.keras import layers
import math
import time
from datetime import datetime
batch_size = 32
num_batches = 100
w_init = 0
b_init = 0
class Conv1(layers.Layer):
def __init__(self):
super(Conv1, self).__init__()
def build(self, input_shape):
w_init = tf.random_normal_initializer()
b_init = tf.zeros_initializer()
self.kernel = self.add_weight(name='Conv1/kernel', shape=[11, 11, 3, 96], initializer=w_init, dtype='float32', trainable=True)
self.biases = self.add_weight(name='Conv1/biases', shape=[96], initializer=b_init, dtype='float32', trainable=True)
def call(self, inputs):
conv = tf.nn.conv2d(inputs, self.kernel, [1, 4, 4, 1], padding='SAME')
relu = tf.nn.relu(tf.nn.bias_add(conv, self.biases))
lrn = tf.nn.lrn(relu, 4, bias=1.0, alpha=0.001/9.0, beta=0.75, name='Conv1/lrn')
pool = tf.nn.max_pool(lrn, ksize=[1, 3, 3, 1], strides=[1, 2, 2, 1], padding='VALID', name='Conv1/pool')
return pool
class Conv2(layers.Layer):
def __init__(self):
super(Conv2, self).__init__()
def build(self, input_shape):
w_init = tf.random_normal_initializer()
b_init = tf.zeros_initializer()
self.kernel = self.add_weight(name='Conv2/kernel', shape=[5, 5, 96, 256], initializer=w_init, dtype='float32',
trainable=True)
self.biases = self.add_weight(name='Conv2/biases', shape=[256], initializer=b_init, dtype='float32',
trainable=True)
def call(self, inputs):
conv = tf.nn.conv2d(inputs, self.kernel, [1, 1, 1, 1], padding='SAME')
relu = tf.nn.relu(tf.nn.bias_add(conv, self.biases))
lrn = tf.nn.lrn(relu, 4, bias=1.0, alpha=0.001/9.0, beta=0.75, name='Conv2/lrn')
pool = tf.nn.max_pool(lrn, ksize=[1, 3, 3, 1], strides=[1, 2, 2, 1], padding='VALID', name='Conv2/pool')
return pool
class Conv3(layers.Layer):
def __init__(self):
super(Conv3, self).__init__()
def build(self, input_shape):
w_init = tf.random_normal_initializer()
b_init = tf.zeros_initializer()
self.kernel = self.add_weight(name='Conv3/kernel', shape=[3, 3, 256, 384], initializer=w_init, dtype='float32',
trainable=True)
self.biases = self.add_weight(name='Conv3/biases', shape=[384], initializer=b_init, dtype='float32',
trainable=True)
def call(self, inputs):
conv = tf.nn.conv2d(inputs, self.kernel, [1, 1, 1, 1], padding='SAME')
relu = tf.nn.relu(tf.nn.bias_add(conv, self.biases))
return relu
class Conv4(layers.Layer):
def __init__(self):
super(Conv4, self).__init__()
def build(self, input_shape):
w_init = tf.random_normal_initializer()
b_init = tf.zeros_initializer()
self.kernel = self.add_weight(name='Conv4/kernel', shape=[3, 3, 384, 384], initializer=w_init, dtype='float32',
trainable=True)
self.biases = self.add_weight(name='Conv4/biases', shape=[384], initializer=b_init, dtype='float32',
trainable=True)
def call(self, inputs):
conv = tf.nn.conv2d(inputs, self.kernel, [1, 1, 1, 1], padding='SAME')
relu = tf.nn.relu(tf.nn.bias_add(conv, self.biases))
return relu
class Conv5(layers.Layer):
def __init__(self):
super(Conv5, self).__init__()
def build(self, input_shape):
w_init = tf.random_normal_initializer()
b_init = tf.zeros_initializer
self.kernel = self.add_weight(name='Conv5/kernel', shape=[3, 3, 384, 256], initializer=w_init, dtype='float32',
trainable=True)
self.biases = self.add_weight(name='Conv5/biases', shape=[256], initializer=b_init, dtype='float32',
trainable=True)
def call(self, inputs):
conv = tf.nn.conv2d(inputs, self.kernel, [1, 1, 1, 1], padding='SAME')
relu = tf.nn.relu(tf.nn.bias_add(conv, self.biases))
pool = tf.nn.max_pool(relu, ksize=[1, 3, 3, 1], strides=[1, 2, 2, 1], padding='VALID', name='Conv5/pool')
return pool
class AlexNet(tf.keras.Model):
def __init__(self):
super(AlexNet, self).__init__()
self.conv1 = Conv1()
self.conv2 = Conv2()
self.conv3 = Conv3()
self.conv4 = Conv4()
self.conv5 = Conv5()
self.flatten = layers.Flatten()
self.dense1 = layers.Dense(units=4096, activation='relu')
self.dense2 = layers.Dense(units=4096, activation='relu')
def call(self, inputs):
x = self.conv1(inputs)
x = self.conv2(x)
x = self.conv3(x)
x = self.conv4(x)
x = self.conv5(x)
x = self.flatten(x)
x = self.dense1(x)
x = self.dense2(x)
return x
image_size = 224
image_shape = [batch_size, image_size, image_size, 3]
image_init = tf.random_normal_initializer(stddev=1e-1)
image_data = tf.Variable(initial_value=image_init(shape=image_shape), dtype='float32')
alexnet = AlexNet()
alexnet(image_data)
alexnet.summary()
# 评测模型前向传播的耗时
total_dura = 0.0
total_dura_squared = 0.0
for step in range(num_batches + 10):
start_time = time.time()
alexnet(image_data)
duration = time.time() - start_time
if step > 10:
if step%10==0:
print('%s: step %d, duration=%.3f' % (datetime.now(), step-10, duration))
total_dura += duration
total_dura_squared += duration*duration
average_time = total_dura/num_batches
print('%s:Forward across %d steps, %.3f +/- %.3f sec/batch' % (datetime.now(), num_batches, average_time,\
math.sqrt(total_dura_squared/num_batches-average_time*average_time)))
# 反向传播耗时
back_total_dura = 0.0
back_total_dura_squared = 0.0
for step in range(num_batches + 10):
start_time = time.time()
with tf.GradientTape() as tape:
loss = tf.nn.l2_loss(alexnet(image_data))
gradients = tape.gradient(loss, alexnet.trainable_variables)
duration = time.time() - start_time
if step > 10:
if step % 10 == 0:
print('%s: step %d, duration=%.3f' % (datetime.now(), step - 10, duration))
back_total_dura += duration
back_total_dura_squared += duration * duration
back_avg_t = back_total_dura/num_batches
print('%s:Forward-backward across %d steps, %.3f +/- %.3f sec/batch' % (datetime.now(), num_batches, back_avg_t,\
math.sqrt(back_total_dura_squared/num_batches-back_avg_t*back_avg_t)))
原开源代码
import tensorflow as tf
import math
import time
from datetime import datetime
batch_size = 32
num_batches = 100
# 在函数inference_op()内定义前向传播的过程
def inference_op(images):
parameters = []
# 在命名空间conv1下实现第一个卷积层
with tf.name_scope("conv1"):
kernel = tf.Variable(tf.truncated_normal([11, 11, 3, 96], dtype=tf.float32,
stddev=1e-1), name="weights")
conv = tf.nn.conv2d(images, kernel, [1, 4, 4, 1], padding="SAME")
biases = tf.Variable(tf.constant(0.0, shape=[96], dtype=tf.float32),
trainable=True, name="biases")
conv1 = tf.nn.relu(tf.nn.bias_add(conv, biases))
# 打印第一个卷积层的网络结构
print(conv1.op.name, ' ', conv1.get_shape().as_list())
parameters += [kernel, biases]
# 添加一个LRN层和最大池化层
lrn1 = tf.nn.lrn(conv1, 4, bias=1.0, alpha=0.001 / 9.0, beta=0.75, name="lrn1")
pool1 = tf.nn.max_pool(lrn1, ksize=[1, 3, 3, 1], strides=[1, 2, 2, 1],
padding="VALID", name="pool1")
# 打印池化层网络结构
print(pool1.op.name, ' ', pool1.get_shape().as_list())
# 在命名空间conv2下实现第二个卷积层
with tf.name_scope("conv2"):
kernel = tf.Variable(tf.truncated_normal([5, 5, 96, 256], dtype=tf.float32,
stddev=1e-1), name="weights")
conv = tf.nn.conv2d(pool1, kernel, [1, 1, 1, 1], padding="SAME")
biases = tf.Variable(tf.constant(0.0, shape=[256], dtype=tf.float32),
trainable=True, name="biases")
conv2 = tf.nn.relu(tf.nn.bias_add(conv, biases))
parameters += [kernel, biases]
# 打印第二个卷积层的网络结构
print(conv2.op.name, ' ', conv2.get_shape().as_list())
# 添加一个LRN层和最大池化层
lrn2 = tf.nn.lrn(conv2, 4, bias=1.0, alpha=0.001 / 9.0, beta=0.75, name="lrn2")
pool2 = tf.nn.max_pool(lrn2, ksize=[1, 3, 3, 1], strides=[1, 2, 2, 1],
padding="VALID", name="pool2")
# 打印池化层的网络结构
print(pool2.op.name, ' ', pool2.get_shape().as_list())
# 在命名空间conv3下实现第三个卷积层
with tf.name_scope("conv3"):
kernel = tf.Variable(tf.truncated_normal([3, 3, 256, 384],
dtype=tf.float32, stddev=1e-1),
name="weights")
conv = tf.nn.conv2d(pool2, kernel, [1, 1, 1, 1], padding="SAME")
biases = tf.Variable(tf.constant(0.0, shape=[384], dtype=tf.float32),
trainable=True, name="biases")
conv3 = tf.nn.relu(tf.nn.bias_add(conv, biases))
parameters += [kernel, biases]
# 打印第三个卷积层的网络结构
print(conv3.op.name, ' ', conv3.get_shape().as_list())
# 在命名空间conv4下实现第四个卷积层
with tf.name_scope("conv4"):
kernel = tf.Variable(tf.truncated_normal([3, 3, 384, 384],
dtype=tf.float32, stddev=1e-1),
name="weights")
conv = tf.nn.conv2d(conv3, kernel, [1, 1, 1, 1], padding="SAME")
biases = tf.Variable(tf.constant(0.0, shape=[384], dtype=tf.float32),
trainable=True, name="biases")
conv4 = tf.nn.relu(tf.nn.bias_add(conv, biases))
parameters += [kernel, biases]
# 打印第四个卷积层的网络结构
print(conv4.op.name, ' ', conv4.get_shape().as_list())
# 在命名空间conv5下实现第五个卷积层
with tf.name_scope("conv5"):
kernel = tf.Variable(tf.truncated_normal([3, 3, 384, 256],
dtype=tf.float32, stddev=1e-1),
name="weights")
conv = tf.nn.conv2d(conv4, kernel, [1, 1, 1, 1], padding="SAME")
biases = tf.Variable(tf.constant(0.0, shape=[256], dtype=tf.float32),
trainable=True, name="biases")
conv5 = tf.nn.relu(tf.nn.bias_add(conv, biases))
parameters += [kernel, biases]
# 打印第五个卷积层的网络结构
print(conv5.op.name, ' ', conv5.get_shape().as_list())
# 添加一个最大池化层
pool5 = tf.nn.max_pool(conv5, ksize=[1, 3, 3, 1], strides=[1, 2, 2, 1],
padding="VALID", name="pool5")
# 打印最大池化层的网络结构
print(pool5.op.name, ' ', pool5.get_shape().as_list())
# 将pool5输出的矩阵汇总为向量的形式,为的是方便作为全连层的输入
pool_shape = pool5.get_shape().as_list()
nodes = pool_shape[1] * pool_shape[2] * pool_shape[3]
reshaped = tf.reshape(pool5, [pool_shape[0], nodes])
# 创建第一个全连接层
with tf.name_scope("fc_1"):
fc1_weights = tf.Variable(tf.truncated_normal([nodes, 4096], dtype=tf.float32,
stddev=1e-1), name="weights")
fc1_bias = tf.Variable(tf.constant(0.0, shape=[4096],
dtype=tf.float32), trainable=True, name="biases")
fc_1 = tf.nn.relu(tf.matmul(reshaped, fc1_weights) + fc1_bias)
parameters += [fc1_weights, fc1_bias]
# 打印第一个全连接层的网络结构信息
print(fc_1.op.name, ' ', fc_1.get_shape().as_list())
# 创建第二个全连接层
with tf.name_scope("fc_2"):
fc2_weights = tf.Variable(tf.truncated_normal([4096, 4096], dtype=tf.float32,
stddev=1e-1), name="weights")
fc2_bias = tf.Variable(tf.constant(0.0, shape=[4096],
dtype=tf.float32), trainable=True, name="biases")
fc_2 = tf.nn.relu(tf.matmul(fc_1, fc2_weights) + fc2_bias)
parameters += [fc2_weights, fc2_bias]
# 打印第二个全连接层的网络结构信息
print(fc_2.op.name, ' ', fc_2.get_shape().as_list())
# 返回全连接层处理的结果
return fc_2, parameters
with tf.Graph().as_default():
# 创建模拟的图片数据.
image_size = 224
images = tf.Variable(tf.random_normal([batch_size, image_size, image_size, 3],
dtype=tf.float32, stddev=1e-1))
# 在计算图中定义前向传播模型的运行,并得到不包括全连部分的参数
# 这些参数用于之后的梯度计算
fc_2, parameters = inference_op(images)
init_op = tf.global_variables_initializer()
# 配置会话,gpu_options.allocator_type 用于设置GPU的分配策略,值为"BFC"表示
# 采用最佳适配合并算法
config = tf.ConfigProto()
config.gpu_options.allocator_type = "BFC"
with tf.Session(config=config) as sess:
sess.run(init_op)
num_steps_burn_in = 10
total_dura = 0.0
total_dura_squared = 0.0
back_total_dura = 0.0
back_total_dura_squared = 0.0
for i in range(num_batches + num_steps_burn_in):
start_time = time.time()
_ = sess.run(fc_2)
duration = time.time() - start_time
if i >= num_steps_burn_in:
if i % 10 == 0:
print('%s: step %d, duration = %.3f' %
(datetime.now(), i - num_steps_burn_in, duration))
total_dura += duration
total_dura_squared += duration * duration
average_time = total_dura / num_batches
# 打印前向传播的运算时间信息
print('%s: Forward across %d steps, %.3f +/- %.3f sec / batch' %
(datetime.now(), num_batches, average_time,
math.sqrt(total_dura_squared / num_batches - average_time * average_time)))
# 使用gradients()求相对于pool5的L2 loss的所有模型参数的梯度
# 函数原型gradients(ys,xs,grad_ys,name,colocate_gradients_with_ops,gate_gradients,
# aggregation_method=None)
# 一般情况下我们只需对参数ys、xs传递参数,他会计算ys相对于xs的偏导数,并将
# 结果作为一个长度为len(xs)的列表返回,其他参数在函数定义时都带有默认值,
# 比如grad_ys默认为None,name默认为gradients,colocate_gradients_with_ops默认
# 为False,gate_gradients默认为False
grad = tf.gradients(tf.nn.l2_loss(fc_2), parameters)
# 运行反向传播测试过程
for i in range(num_batches + num_steps_burn_in):
start_time = time.time()
_ = sess.run(grad)
duration = time.time() - start_time
if i >= num_steps_burn_in:
if i % 10 == 0:
print('%s: step %d, duration = %.3f' %
(datetime.now(), i - num_steps_burn_in, duration))
back_total_dura += duration
back_total_dura_squared += duration * duration
back_avg_t = back_total_dura / num_batches
# 打印反向传播的运算时间信息
print('%s: Forward-backward across %d steps, %.3f +/- %.3f sec / batch' %
(datetime.now(), num_batches, back_avg_t,
math.sqrt(back_total_dura_squared / num_batches - back_avg_t * back_avg_t)))
2021/9/9