Leetcode 8. String to Integer (atoi) [medium][java]

Implement atoi which converts a string to an integer.

The function first discards as many whitespace characters as necessary until the first non-whitespace character is found. Then, starting from this character, takes an optional initial plus or minus sign followed by as many numerical digits as possible, and interprets them as a numerical value.

The string can contain additional characters after those that form the integral number, which are ignored and have no effect on the behavior of this function.

If the first sequence of non-whitespace characters in str is not a valid integral number, or if no such sequence exists because either str is empty or it contains only whitespace characters, no conversion is performed.

If no valid conversion could be performed, a zero value is returned.

Link: link.

Note:

1. Only the space character ’ ’ is considered as whitespace character.
2. Assume we are dealing with an environment which could only store integers within the 32-bit signed integer range: [−231, 231 − 1].
3. If the numerical value is out of the range of representable values, INT_MAX (231 − 1) or INT_MIN (−231) is returned.

Considerations

1. firstly use string.trim() to remove spaces at the front
2. check the first character is ‘+’ ‘-’ or digit
3. check if the number is outside the 32-bit integer range

Ignored points
(1) str = “”
(2) str contains only spaces, e.g. str = " "
(3) convert other types to int type : (int) Variable
(4) if the number is exceed the range, the sign of the number maybe changed

Solution 1: use double type to store the number

class Solution {
    public int myAtoi(String str) {
        
        // check null string and str = ""
        if(str == null || str.length() < 1)
            return 0;
        
        str = str.trim();
        
        // check str contains only spaces. e.g. str = " "
        if(str.length() < 1)
            return 0;
        
        
        // check if the first character is '+' or '-'
        char sign = '+';
        int length = 0;
        if(str.charAt(length) == '-') {
            sign = '-';
            length++;
        } else if(str.charAt(length) == '+')
            length++;
        
        /**Integer has range [-2147483648 , 2147483647] in Java. If the number is -214748364, the algorithm processes it as a positive integer and then change sign. The number would exceed the integer range if an integer is used.*/
        //so cannot use long type
        double num = 0;
        while(str.length()>length && str.charAt(length) >= '0' && str.charAt(length) <= '9') {
            num = num*10+str.charAt(length)-'0';
            length++;
        }
        
        if(sign == '-')
            num = -num;
        
        if(num > Integer.MAX_VALUE)
            return Integer.MAX_VALUE;
        
        if(num < Integer.MIN_VALUE)
            return Integer.MIN_VALUE;
        
        return (int)num;
            
    }
}

Solution 2: use int type to store the number; when getting the number, check if it exceeds the maximal

class Solution {
    public int myAtoi(String str) {
        
        // check null string and str = ""
        if(str == null || str.length() < 1)
            return 0;
        
        str = str.trim();
        
        // check str contains only spaces. e.g. str = " "
        if(str.length() < 1)
            return 0;
        
        
        // check if the first character is '+' or '-'
        char sign = '+';
        int length = 0;
        if(str.charAt(length) == '-') {
            sign = '-';
            length++;
        } else if(str.charAt(length) == '+')
            length++;
        
        
        int num = 0;
        while(str.length()>length && str.charAt(length) >= '0' && str.charAt(length) <= '9') {
            if(Integer.MAX_VALUE/10 < num || (Integer.MAX_VALUE/10 == num && Integer.MAX_VALUE % 10 < str.charAt(length)-'0'))
                return sign=='-'?Integer.MIN_VALUE:Integer.MAX_VALUE;
            num = num*10+str.charAt(length)-'0';
            length++;
        }
        
        if(sign == '-')
            num = -num;
        
        
        return num;
            
    }
}

if use long type to store number, an error case is shown below