Rails3 Route用法集锦

[size=large][b]默认路由：[/b][/size]

# Rails3:
match '/:controller(/:action(/:id))'
# Rails2:
map.connect ':controller/:action/:id'

[size=large][b]正则路由：[/b][/size]

# Rails3:
match 'products/:id', :to => 'catalog#view'
# Rails2:
map.connect 'products/:id', :controller => 'catalog', :action => 'view'

[size=large][b]命名路由：[/b][/size]

# Rails3:
match 'logout', :to => 'sessions#destroy', :as => 'logout'
# Rails2:
map.logout 'logout', :controller => 'sessions', :action => ''

[size=large][b]根路由：[/b][/size]

# Rails3:
root :to => 'welcome#show'
# Rails2:
map.root :controller => 'welcome', :action => 'show'

[size=large][b]路由简写技巧：[/b][/size]
:to 键的省略:

match 'account' => 'account#index'
# 相当于：
match 'account', :to => 'account#index'

match 'info' => 'projects#info', :as => 'info'

[color=darkred]注意：
:as 在rails3中是改变 helper， 在rails2中是改变 path[/color]

当路径和控制器(及action)一至时，可省略指派控制器部分

match 'account/overview'
# 相当于：
match 'account/overview', :to => 'account#overview'

[size=large][b]Verb路由[/b][/size]
当需要限制http请求方法的时候通过键 [b]:via[/b] ，也可以直接把方法写在最前面：

get 'account/overview'
# 相当于：
match 'account/overview', :via => 'get'

match 'account/setup', :via => [:get, :post]
# 支持get\post\put\delete四种HTTP方法

[size=large][b]resources路由：[/b][/size]

resources :posts, :except => [:index]
resources :posts, :only => [:new, :create]

# edit_post GET    /posts/:id/modify(.:format) {:controller=>"posts", :action=>"edit"}
resources :posts, :path_names => { :edit => 'modify' } 

resources :projects do
  resources :tasks, :people
end

resources :products do
  collection do
    get  :sold
    post :on_offer, :search
  end
  get :buy, :on => :member
  post :batch, :on => :collection
end

resource :session do
  get :create
end

[b]:shallow用法：[/b]
Rails3中的shallow用法与Rails2中一致

resources :blogs, :shallow => true do
  resources :comments
end

[color=green][b]使用:shallow前后相同部分：[/b][/color]
[table]
|blog_comments|GET|/blogs/:blog_id/comments(.:format)|{:controller=>"comments", :action=>"index"}|
|blog_comments|POST|/blogs/:blog_id/comments(.:format)|{:controller=>"comments", :action=>"create"}|
|new_blog_comment|GET|/blogs/:blog_id/comments/new(.:format)|{:controller=>"comments", :action=>"new"}|
|blogs|GET|/blogs(.:format)|{:controller=>"blogs", :action=>"index"}|
|blogs|POST|/blogs(.:format)|{:controller=>"blogs", :action=>"create"}|
|new_blog|GET|/blogs/new(.:format)|{:controller=>"blogs", :action=>"new"}|
|edit_blog|GET|/blogs/:id/edit(.:format)|{:controller=>"blogs", :action=>"edit"}|
|blog|GET|/blogs/:id(.:format)|{:controller=>"blogs", :action=>"show"}|
|blog|PUT|/blogs/:id(.:format)|{:controller=>"blogs", :action=>"update"}|
|blog|DELETE|/blogs/:id(.:format)|{:controller=>"blogs", :action=>"destroy"}|[/table]

[color=green][b]使用:shallow前后不同部分：[/b][/color]
[color=red]不使用shallow选项：[/color]
[table]
|edit_blog_comment|GET|/blogs/:blog_id/comments/:id/edit(.:format)|{:controller=>"comments", :action=>"edit"}|
|blog_comment|GET|/blogs/:blog_id/comments/:id(.:format)|{:controller=>"comments", :action=>"show"}|
|blog_comment|PUT|/blogs/:blog_id/comments/:id(.:format)|{:controller=>"comments", :action=>"update"}|
|blog_comment|DELETE|/blogs/:blog_id/comments/:id(.:format)|{:controller=>"comments", :action=>"destroy"}|
[/table]

[color=red]使用shallow选项后：[/color]
[table]
|edit_comment|GET|/comments/:id/edit(.:format)|{:controller=>"comments", :action=>"edit"}|
|comment|GET|/comments/:id(.:format)|{:controller=>"comments", :action=>"show"}|
|comment|PUT|/comments/:id(.:format)|{:controller=>"comments", :action=>"update"}|
|comment|DELETE|/comments/:id(.:format)|{:controller=>"comments", :action=>"destroy"}|
[/table]
可以看出使用shallow选项后，对于已经存在的资源使用简化方式操作，具体行为涉及到 edit\show\update\destroy 四种
另外，shallow选项的有效范围是对自身及嵌套的资源都有效，如下面这个例子：

resources :publishers do
  resources :magazines do
    resources :albums, :shallow => true do
      resources :photos do
        resources :images
      end
    end
  end
end

这个例子中 albums、photos、images 都会使用简化方式，而 magazines 不会。特别注意：这种嵌套方式极不推荐，一般嵌套的层级最好不要超过一级

[size=large][b]scope路由[/b][/size]
[color=green][b]:path 改变Path，:module 改变Controller, :name_prefix || :as 改变 helper[/b][/color]

scope 'admin' do
  resources :posts
end
# 行当于：
scope :path => 'admin' do
  resources :posts
end

生成路由：
[table]
|posts|GET|/admin/posts(.:format)|{:controller=>"posts", :action=>"index"}|
|posts|POST|/admin/posts(.:format)|{:controller=>"posts", :action=>"create"}|
|new_post|GET|/admin/posts/new(.:format)|{:controller=>"posts", :action=>"new"}|
|edit_post|GET|/admin/posts/:id/edit(.:format)|{:controller=>"posts", :action=>"edit"}|
|post|GET|/admin/posts/:id(.:format)|{:controller=>"posts", :action=>"show"}|
|post|PUT|/admin/posts/:id(.:format)|{:controller=>"posts", :action=>"update"}|
|post|DELETE|/admin/posts/:id(.:format)|{:controller=>"posts", :action=>"destroy"}|
[/table]

scope :module => 'admin' do
  resources :posts
end
# 相当于：
resources :posts, :module => 'admin'

生成路由：
[table]
|posts|GET|/posts(.:format)|{:controller=>"admin/posts", :action=>"index"}|
|posts|POST|/posts(.:format)|{:controller=>"admin/posts", :action=>"create"}|
|new_post|GET|/posts/new(.:format)|{:controller=>"admin/posts", :action=>"new"}|
|edit_post|GET|/posts/:id/edit(.:format)|{:controller=>"admin/posts", :action=>"edit"}|
|post|GET|/posts/:id(.:format)|{:controller=>"admin/posts", :action=>"show"}|
|post|PUT|/posts/:id(.:format)|{:controller=>"admin/posts", :action=>"update"}|
|post|DELETE|/posts/:id(.:format)|{:controller=>"admin/posts", :action=>"destroy"}|
[/table]

scope :name_prefix => 'admin' do
  resources :posts
end
# 相当于：
resources :posts, :name_prefix => 'admin'

生成路由：
[table]
|admin_posts|GET|/posts(.:format)|{:controller=>"posts", :action=>"index"}|
|admin_posts|POST|/posts(.:format)|{:controller=>"posts", :action=>"create"}|
|new_admin_post|GET|/posts/new(.:format)|{:controller=>"posts", :action=>"new"}|
|edit_admin_post|GET|/posts/:id/edit(.:format)|{:controller=>"posts", :action=>"edit"}|
|admin_post|GET|/posts/:id(.:format)|{:controller=>"posts", :action=>"show"}|
|admin_post|PUT|/posts/:id(.:format)|{:controller=>"posts", :action=>"update"}|
|admin_post|DELETE|/posts/:id(.:format)|{:controller=>"posts", :action=>"destroy"}|
[/table]

scope 'admin', :module => 'admin', :name_prefix => 'admin' do
  resources :posts
end
# 相当于：
namespace 'admin' do 
  resources :posts
end

生成路由：
[table]
|admin_posts|GET|/admin/posts(.:format)|{:controller=>"admin/posts", :action=>"index"}|
|admin_posts|POST|/admin/posts(.:format)|{:controller=>"admin/posts", :action=>"create"}|
|new_admin_post|GET|/admin/posts/new(.:format)|{:controller=>"admin/posts", :action=>"new"}|
|edit_admin_post|GET|/admin/posts/:id/edit(.:format)|{:controller=>"admin/posts", :action=>"edit"}|
|admin_post|GET|/admin/posts/:id(.:format)|{:controller=>"admin/posts", :action=>"show"}|
|admin_post|PUT|/admin/posts/:id(.:format)|{:controller=>"admin/posts", :action=>"update"}|
|admin_post|DELETE|/admin/posts/:id(.:format)|{:controller=>"admin/posts", :action=>"destroy"}|
[/table]

[size=large][b]在路由中定义跳转：[/b][/size]

match "/posts/github" => redirect("http://github.com/rails.atom")

# 地址 /foo/1 会自动跳转到 /bar/1s
match "/foo/:id", :to => redirect("/bar/%{id}s")  

# /account/proc/inosin 会自动跳转到 /inosins
match 'account/proc/:name', :to => redirect {|params| 
"/#{params[:name].pluralize}" }

match "/stories" => redirect {|p, req| "/posts/#{req.subdomain}" } 

[size=large][b]路由中的限制：[/b][/size]

# 限制 id 只能为数字
match "/posts/show/:id", :to => "posts#index", :id => /\d+/
match "/posts/show/:id", :to => "posts#index", :constraints => {:id => /\d+/}

# 限制子域名
match "photos", :constraints => {:subdomain => "admin"} 

# 限制访问者 IP
constraints(:ip => /127.0.0.1/) do
  match  '/questions', :to => redirect("http://www.stackoverflow.com/")
end

# 当访问者 ip 是 192.168.1.* 的来访者访问 子域名为 "test"
match "/ttt" => proc{|env| [200, {}, ["hello test"]]}, \
    :constraints => {:subdomain => "test", :ip => /192\.168\.1\.\d+/} 

[size=large][b]路由通配符：[/b][/size]

resources :photos, :id => /\d+/
match 'photos/*other' => 'photos#unknown'
#上面这两行路由则会把不符合7种path的其他url全部解析到PhotoController#unknown中去处理，params[:other]可得到path中/photos/之后的部分，注意这两行的顺序不能颠倒

match 'books/*section/:title' => 'books#show' 
# 例如：books/some/section/last-words-a-memoir 中 params[:section] = "some/section", params[:title] = "last-words-a-memoir".

match '*a/foo/*b' => 'test#index' 
# 例如：zoo/woo/foo/bar/baz 中 params[:a] = "zoo/woo", params[:b] = "bar/baz"

[size=large][b]Rack:[/b][/size]

match "/foo", :to => proc {|env| [200, {}, ["Hello world"]] }

match 'rocketeer.js' => ::TestRoutingMapper::RocketeerApp

RocketeerApp = lambda { |env|
  [200, {"Content-Type" => "text/html"}, ["javascripts"]]
}

[size=large][b]参考文档：[/b][/size]
[url]http://www.engineyard.com/blog/2010/the-lowdown-on-routes-in-rails-3/[/url]
[url]http://www.railsdispatch.com/posts/rails-routing[/url]
[url]http://guides.rails.info/routing.html[/url]
[url]http://asciicasts.com/episodes/203-routing-in-rails-3[/url]
[url]http://asciicasts.com/episodes/231-routing-walkthrough[/url]
[url]http://asciicasts.com/episodes/232-routing-walkthrough-part-2[/url]