UVa OJ 10082

准备系统练习下算法，感觉刘汝佳的《算法竞赛入门经典》(Art of Algorithms and Programming Contests I,简称AOAPC_1)很不错。前四章讲语言的略过，从算法篇看起。今天开始一边看一边做题，先从简单题做起吧~

一开始的例题和习题都是UVa OJ上的，进去后点左侧，根据题号就能搜到题目了~

UVa OJ 10082 

Problem C: WERTYU

A common typing error is to place the hands on the keyboard one row to the right of the correct position. So "Q" is typed as "W" and "J" is typed as "K" and so on. You are to decode a message typed in this manner.

Input consists of several lines of text. Each line may contain digits, spaces, upper case letters (except Q, A, Z), or punctuation shown above [except back-quote (`)]. Keys labelled with words [Tab, BackSp, Control, etc.] are not represented in the input. You are to replace each letter or punction symbol by the one immediately to its left on the QWERTY keyboard shown above. Spaces in the input should be echoed in the output.

Sample Input

O S, GOMR YPFSU/

Output for Sample Input

I AM FINE TODAY.

很简单的题目，但如果使用if或者switch语句代码会很冗长，不够简洁。较好的方法是使用常量数组进行映射替换。这也是表驱动方法(table-driven method)的一个最简单的例子。

#include <cstdio>

char *keyboard = "`1234567890-=QWERTYUIOP[]\\ASDFGHJKL;'ZXCVBNM,./";
int main()
{
    char c;
    while ((c = getchar()) != EOF)
    {
        int i;
        // 先找到输入字符在数组中的位置
        for (i = 0; keyboard[i] && keyboard[i] != c; ++i) ;
        if (keyboard[i])
            putchar(keyboard[i-1]);
        else    // 要考虑空格和换行符 
            putchar(c);
    }
    return 0;
}