NSArray和NSMutableArray常用方法及注意事项

=================== NSArray ====================

Ordered collection of objects. Immutable(you cannot add or remove objects to it once it’s created)

Important methods:

+ (id)arrayWithObjects:(id)firstObject, ...;     // nil terminated 

- (int)count;                                                 // 得到array中的对象个数

- (id)objectAtIndex:(int)index;                     //  得到索引为i的对象

- (BOOL)containsObject:(id)anObject;   // 当anObject出现在array中，则返回yes（实际是通过isEqual:方法来判断）

- (unsigned)indexOfObject:(id)anObject; // 查找array中的anObject,并返回其最小索引值。没找到返回NSNotFound.

- (void)makeObjectsPerformSelector:(SEL)aSelector;

- (NSArray *)sortedArrayUsingSelector:(SEL)aSelector;

- (id)lastObject;                                  // 得到array中最后一个对象。如果array中没有任何对象存在，则返回nil

注：

类方法arrayWithObjects 可以创建an autoreleased NSArray of the items.例如

@implementation MyObject

- (NSArray *)coolCats {

    return [NSArray arrayWithObjects:@“Steve”, @“Ankush”, @“Sean”, nil];

}

@end

Other convenient create with methods (all return autoreleased objects):

[NSString stringWithFormat:@“Meaning of %@ is %d”, @“life”, 42];

[NSDictionary dictionaryWithObjectsAndKeys:ankush, @“TA”, janestudent, @“Student”,nil];

[NSArray arrayWithContentsOfFile:(NSString *)path];

-----创建数组 -----

//NSArray *array = [[NSArray alloc] initWithObjects:@"One",@"Two",@"Three",@"Four",nil];

NSArray *monthNames = [NSArray arrayWithObjects:@"January",@"February",@"March",@"April",@"May",nil];

self.dataArray = array;

[array release];

NSLog(@"self.dataArray count is:%d",[self.dataArray count]);

NSLog(@"self.dataArray index 2 is:%@",[self.dataArray objectAtIndex:2]);

注：初始化一个数组时，经常使用initWithObject  和 initWithObjects。没有s的表示使用一个指针初始化NSArray，初始化后，这个NSArray的实例只有一个数据，所以在调用没有s的函数的时候是不能以nil结束的；但是有s的就不一样了，哪怕只有一个数据，或者没有数据，必须使用一个nil结束。

------ 从一个数组拷贝数据到另一数组(可变数级) -------   

//arrayWithArray:

//NSArray *array1 = [[NSArray alloc] init];

NSMutableArray *MutableArray = [[NSMutableArray alloc] init];

NSArray *array = [NSArray arrayWithObjects:@"a",@"b",@"c",nil];

NSLog(@"array:%@",array);

MutableArray = [NSMutableArray arrayWithArray:array];

NSLog(@"MutableArray:%@",MutableArray);

array1 = [NSArray arrayWithArray:array];

NSLog(@"array1:%@",array1);

//Copy

//id obj;

NSMutableArray *newArray = [[NSMutableArray alloc] init];

NSArray *oldArray = [NSArrayarrayWithObjects:@"a",@"b",@"c",@"d",@"e",@"f",@"g",@"h",nil];

NSLog(@"oldArray:%@",oldArray);

for(int i = 0; i < [oldArray count]; i++) {        

    obj = [[oldArray objectAtIndex:i] copy];

    [newArray addObject: obj];

}

//     

NSLog(@"newArray:%@", newArray);

[newArray release];

//快速枚举

//NSMutableArray *newArray = [[NSMutableArray alloc] init];

NSArray *oldArray = [NSArray arrayWithObjects:@"a",@"b",@"c",@"d",@"e",@"f",@"g",@"h",nil];   

NSLog(@"oldArray:%@",oldArray);

for(id obj in oldArray)

{

    [newArray addObject: obj];

}

//     

NSLog(@"newArray:%@", newArray);

[newArray release];   

=================== NSMutableArray ====================

Mutable version of NSArray.

- (void)addObject:(id)anObject;   // 在array最后添加anObject, 添加nil是非法的.

- (void)addObjectsFromArray:(NSArray *)otherArray; //在array最后把otherArray中的对象依次添加进去。

- (void)insertObject:(id)anObject atIndex:(int)index;   //在索引index处插入anObject,若index被占用，会把之后的object向后移。

- (void)removeObjectAtIndex:(int)index;  //删除index处的对象，后面的对象依次向前移。

- (void)removeObject:(id)anObject;  // 删除所有和anObject相等的对象，同样使用isEqual:作为相等比较方法.

- (void)removeAllObjects;

注：我们不能把nil加到array中。但有时候我们真想给array加一个空的对象，可以使用NSNull来做这件事。如：

[myArray addObject:[NSNull null]];

-----给数组分配容量-----

//NSArray *array;

array = [NSMutableArray arrayWithCapacity:20];

-----在数组末尾添加对象-----

//- (void) addObject: (id) anObject;

//NSMutableArray *array = [NSMutableArray arrayWithObjects:@"One",@"Two",@"Three",nil];

[array addObject:@"Four"];

NSLog(@"array:%@",array);

-----删除数组中指定索引处对象-----   

//-(void) removeObjectAtIndex: (unsigned) index;   

//NSMutableArray *array = [NSMutableArray arrayWithObjects:@"One",@"Two",@"Three",nil];

[array removeObjectAtIndex:1];

NSLog(@"array:%@",array);

----- 数组枚举-----  

//1、- (NSEnumerator *)objectEnumerator;  //从前向后

//NSMutableArray *array = [NSMutableArray arrayWithObjects:@"One",@"Two",@"Three",nil];

NSEnumerator *enumerator;

enumerator = [array objectEnumerator];

id thingie;

while (thingie = [enumerator nextObject]) {

    NSLog(@"thingie:%@",thingie);

}

//2、- (NSEnumerator *)reverseObjectEnumerator;  //从后向前

NSMutableArray *array = [NSMutableArray arrayWithObjects:@"One",@"Two",@"Three",nil];

NSEnumerator *enumerator;

enumerator = [array reverseObjectEnumerator];

id object;

while (object = [enumerator nextObject]) {

    NSLog(@"object:%@",object);

}

//3、快速枚举

NSMutableArray *array = [NSMutableArray arrayWithObjects:@"One",@"Two",@"Three",nil];

for(NSString *string in array) {

    NSLog(@"string:%@",string);

}