[转]Android UI学习 - Tab的学习和使用

转自:http://www.cnblogs.com/lm3515/archive/2011/3/16.html

 

public void setDefaultTab (String tag) 这两个函数很易懂,就是设置默认的Tab
   public void setDefaultTab (int index)  通过tab名——tag或者index(从0开始)
  
   protected void onRestoreInstanceState (Bundle state) 这两个函数的介绍可以
   protected void onSaveInstanceState (Bundle outState) 参考 Activity的生命周期
 
TabHost
  那么我们要用到的Tab载体是TabHost,需要从TabActivity.getTabHost获取。
  现在看看TabHost类,它有3个内嵌类:1个类TabHost.TabSpec,2个接口TabHost.TabContentFactory和TabHost.OnTabChangeListener。后面会介绍这些类和接口。
 
  TabHost类的一些函数:
   public void addTab (TabHost.TabSpec tabSpec) 添加tab,参数TabHost.TabSpec通过下面的函数返回得到
   public TabHost.TabSpec newTabSpec (String tag) 创建TabHost.TabSpec
  
   public void clearAllTabs () remove所有的Tabs
   public int getCurrentTab ()
   public String getCurrentTabTag ()
   public View getCurrentTabView ()
   public View getCurrentView ()
   public FrameLayout getTabContentView () 返回Tab content的FrameLayout
 
   public TabWidget getTabWidget ()
   public void setCurrentTab (int index)       设置当前的Tab by index
   public void setCurrentTabByTag (String tag) 设置当前的Tab by tag
   public void setOnTabChangedListener (TabHost.OnTabChangeListener l) 设置TabChanged事件的响应处理
   public void setup () 这个函数后面介绍
 
TabHost.TabSpec
  从上面的函数可以知道如何添加tab了,要注意,这里的Tag(标签),不是Tab按钮上的文字。
  而要设置tab的label和content,需要设置TabHost.TabSpec类。 引用SDK里面的话——“A tab has a tab indicator, content, and a tag that is used to keep track of it.”,TabHost.TabSpec就是管理这3个东西:
   public String getTag ()
   public TabHost.TabSpec setContent
   public TabHost.TabSpec setIndicator
 
  我理解这里的 Indicator就是Tab上的label,它可以
   设置label:  setIndicator (CharSequence label)
  或者同时 设置label和iconsetIndicator (CharSequence label, Drawable icon)
  或者直接 指定某个view:  setIndicator (View view)
  
  对于 Content,就是Tab里面的内容,可以
   设置View的id:  setContent(int viewId)
  或者 TabHost.TabContentFactory的createTabContent(String tag)来处理: setContent(TabHost.TabContentFactory contentFactory)
  或者用 new Intent来引入其他Activity的内容: setContent(Intent intent)
  
  现在来看官方的Views/Tabs/Content By Id例子:

TabHost

   代码
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public class Tabs1 extends TabActivity {
  
     @Override
     protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
         super .onCreate(savedInstanceState);
         TabHost tabHost = getTabHost();
          
         LayoutInflater.from( this ).inflate(R.layout.tabs1, tabHost.getTabContentView(), true );
  
         tabHost.addTab(tabHost.newTabSpec( "tab1" )
                 .setIndicator( "tab1" )
                 .setContent(R.id.view1));
         tabHost.addTab(tabHost.newTabSpec( "tab3" )
                 .setIndicator( "tab2" )
                 .setContent(R.id.view2));
         tabHost.addTab(tabHost.newTabSpec( "tab3" )
                 .setIndicator( "tab3" )
                 .setContent(R.id.view3));
     }
}
   原来在获取TabHost后,需要用LayoutInflater来得到Layout,LayoutInflater在后面就详细介绍。R.layout.tabs1的内容:
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<FrameLayout xmlns:android= "http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
     android:layout_width= "fill_parent"
     android:layout_height= "fill_parent" >
  
     <TextView android:id= "@+id/view1"
         android:background= "@drawable/blue"
         android:layout_width= "fill_parent"
         android:layout_height= "fill_parent"
         android:text= "@string/tabs_1_tab_1" />
  
     <TextView android:id= "@+id/view2"
         android:background= "@drawable/red"
         android:layout_width= "fill_parent"
         android:layout_height= "fill_parent"
         android:text= "@string/tabs_1_tab_2" />
  
     <TextView android:id= "@+id/view3"
         android:background= "@drawable/green"
         android:layout_width= "fill_parent"
         android:layout_height= "fill_parent"
         android:text= "@string/tabs_1_tab_3" />
  
</FrameLayout>
  
<! -- strings.xml
     <string name= "tabs_1_tab_1" >tab1</string>
     <string name= "tabs_1_tab_2" >tab2</string>
     <string name= "tabs_1_tab_3" >tab3</string>
-->
  原来是用FrameLayout的!
  而让Tab1的内容显示tab1且背景为Blue,是setContent(R.id.view1)这里引用了TextView1。现在就基本明白如何添加tab以及如何设置label和content了。
 
  接下来看看Views/Tabs/Content By Factory的例子:

TabHost2

  代码
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public class Tabs2 extends TabActivity implements TabHost.TabContentFactory {
      
     @Override
     protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
         super .onCreate(savedInstanceState);
  
         final TabHost tabHost = getTabHost();
         tabHost.addTab(tabHost.newTabSpec( "tab1" )
                 .setIndicator( "tab1" , getResources().getDrawable(R.drawable.star_big_on))
                 .setContent( this ));
         tabHost.addTab(tabHost.newTabSpec( "tab2" )
                 .setIndicator( "tab2" )
                 .setContent( this ));
         tabHost.addTab(tabHost.newTabSpec( "tab3" )
                 .setIndicator( "tab3" )
                 .setContent( this ));
     }
  
     public View createTabContent(String tag) {
         final TextView tv = new TextView( this );
         tv.setText( "Content for tab with tag " + tag);
         return tv;
     }
}
    可以看到通过override重写(重新实现)父类TabHost.TabContentFactory中的方法View createTabContent(String tag)来实现不同tab的不同content。同时在setContent的参数设置为相应的TabContentFactory。
   原来createTabContent是在每个tab第一次显示时才调用的,随后再次显示该tab就不会再次调用的,我自己用Logcat查看到的!这一点很关键,就是说在createTabContent是在tab没有完全创建前调用的,这意味在createTabContent里面是不能调用getCurrentTabView等之类的函数的,否则就出错!
 
   至于Views/Tabs/Content By Intent例子,就只是贴出代码,不给截图了:
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public class Tabs3 extends TabActivity {
      
     @Override
     protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
         super .onCreate(savedInstanceState);
  
         final TabHost tabHost = getTabHost();
  
         tabHost.addTab(tabHost.newTabSpec( "tab1" )
                 .setIndicator( "list" )
                 .setContent( new Intent( this , List1. class )));
  
         tabHost.addTab(tabHost.newTabSpec( "tab2" )
                 .setIndicator( "photo list" )
                 .setContent( new Intent( this , List8. class )));
          
         // This tab sets the intent flag so that it is recreated each time
         // the tab is clicked.
         tabHost.addTab(tabHost.newTabSpec( "tab3" )
                 .setIndicator( "destroy" )
                 .setContent( new Intent( this , Controls2. class )
                         .addFlags(Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_CLEAR_TOP)));
     }
}
效果:Tab1的内容是List1的Activity,Tab2的是List8的Activity,Tab3的是controls2.Activity。
 
TabHost.OnTabChangeListener
   TabHost.OnTabChangeListener接口只有一个抽象方法onTabChanged(String tagString),明显地,在 onTabChanged(String tagString)方法里面swtich..case..来判断tagString分别处理就行了。
 
TabHost.setup()
  在此贴出SDK doc里面的相关解释:
public   void  setup () Since: API Level  1
Call setup() before adding tabs 
if  loading TabHost using findViewById(). However,You  do  not need to call setup() after getTabHost() in TabActivity. Example:

mTabHost 
=  (TabHost)findViewById(R.id.tabhost);
mTabHost.setup();
mTabHost.addTab(TAB_TAG_1, 
" Hello, world! " " Tab 1 " );

// 我的理解是,如果要用到findViewById来获取TabHost,然后add tabs的话,需要在addTab前call setup();
public   void  setup (LocalActivityManager activityGroup) Since: API Level  1
If you are using setContent(android.content.Intent), 
this  must be called since the activityGroup is needed to launch the local activity. This is done  for  you  if  you extend TabActivity.

Parameters
activityGroup Used to launch activities 
for  tab content.

posted @ 2011-03-16 10:55 子非あ鱼 阅读(671) 评论(0)  编辑

何谓标签 印象最深刻的应该是这个

 

 

 

 

现在 我们将通过一系列的扩展来研究之

写道
1. 自定义TabActivity 使得标签处于屏幕下方  
2. 各个标签所用布局 既可在 *.xml 中定义 也可在 *.java 中定义  
3. 更改标签布局

 

 

1. 标签页 在 屏幕下方

写道
一个典型的标签Activity  是由2 部分构成的 且其id都有规定 即:  
* TabWidget 用于展示标签页 id=tabs  
* FrameLayout 用于展示隶属于各个标签的具体布局 id=tabcontent

 

* 基本布局如下:

xml代码

?
<?xml version= "1.0" encoding= "utf-8" ?>
<TabHost xmlns:android= "http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
     android:id= "@android:id/tabhost"
     android:layout_width= "fill_parent"  
     android:layout_height= "fill_parent" >
<LinearLayout  
     android:orientation= "vertical"
     android:gravity= "bottom"
     android:layout_width= "fill_parent"  
     android:layout_height= "fill_parent" >
<FrameLayout  
     android:id= "@android:id/tabcontent"
     android:layout_width= "fill_parent"  
     android:layout_height= "200dip" >
     
     <RelativeLayout
     android:id= "@+id/view1"
     android:orientation= "vertical"
     android:layout_width= "fill_parent"
     android:layout_height= "fill_parent"
     >
         <TextView 
             android:id= "@+id/text"
             android:layout_width= "wrap_content"
             android:layout_height= "wrap_content"
             android:text= "Hello to Johnny.Griffin!"
             android:layout_centerInParent= "true"
             android:textStyle= "bold|italic" />
         <ImageView 
             android:layout_width= "fill_parent"
             android:layout_height= "fill_parent"
             android:src= "@drawable/robot"
             android:layout_toLeftOf= "@id/text" />
     </RelativeLayout>
     
     <TextView
         android:id= "@+id/view2"
         android:layout_width= "fill_parent"
         android:layout_height= "fill_parent"
         android:text= "创新源于模仿!" />
         
     <TextView
         android:id= "@+id/view3"
         android:layout_width= "fill_parent"
         android:layout_height= "fill_parent"
         android:text= "欢迎进入 droid 世界!" />
         
     <ImageView
         android:id= "@+id/view4"
         android:layout_width= "fill_parent"
         android:layout_height= "fill_parent"
         android:src= "@drawable/robot" />
</FrameLayout>
<TabWidget  
     android:id= "@android:id/tabs"
     android:layout_width= "fill_parent"  
     android:layout_height= "wrap_content" />  
</LinearLayout>  
</TabHost>

* 得到TabHost tHost 仅在TabActivity中有效

Java代码   
  1. tHost = this.getTabHost();  

 

 

* 创建4个标签 并指定所使用的布局

Java代码

?
public static final String Tab1 = "Tab1" ;
public static final String Tab2 = "Tab2" ;
public static final String Tab3 = "Tab3" ;
public static final String Tab4 = "Tab4" ;
public static final String Tab5 = "Tab5" ;
 
tHost.addTab(tHost.newTabSpec(Tab1).setIndicator( "Tab 1" , getResources().getDrawable(R.drawable.icon)).setContent(R.id.view1));
         tHost.addTab(tHost.newTabSpec(Tab2).setIndicator( "Tab 2" , getResources().getDrawable(R.drawable.beijing_small)).setContent(R.id.view2));
         tHost.addTab(tHost.newTabSpec(Tab3).setIndicator( "Tab 3" ).setContent(R.id.view3));
         tHost.addTab(tHost.newTabSpec(Tab4).setIndicator( "Tab 4" ).setContent(R.id.view4));

 

 

* 设定监听器 用于监听 标签间切换事件

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tHost.setOnTabChangedListener( new OnTabChangeListener(){
             @Override
             public void onTabChanged(String tabId) {
                 // TODO Auto-generated method stub
             }
             
         });

 

 

* emulator 运行情况:

 

 

 

 

2.  在 *.java 中定义标签所需布局

 Java代码

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public class CustomLayout implements TabHost.TabContentFactory  {
         Activity activity;
         LayoutInflater inflaterHelper;
         
         LinearLayout layout;
         
         public CustomLayout (Activity a) {
             activity = a;
             
             inflaterHelper = a.getLayoutInflater();
         }
         
         /** {@inheritDoc} */ //tag 标记各个标签
         public View createTabContent(String tag) {
                 return addCustomView(tag);
         }
         
         public View addCustomView(String id){
             
             layout = new LinearLayout(activity);
             layout.setOrientation(LinearLayout.VERTICAL);
             
             
             if (id.equals(Tab1)){
                 ImageView iv = new ImageView(activity);
                 iv.setImageResource(R.drawable.beijing_big);
                 layout.addView(iv,
                         new LinearLayout.LayoutParams(LinearLayout.LayoutParams.FILL_PARENT, LinearLayout.LayoutParams.FILL_PARENT));
             }
             else if (id.equals(Tab2)){
                 EditText edit = new EditText(activity);
                 layout.addView(edit,
                         new LinearLayout.LayoutParams(LinearLayout.LayoutParams.FILL_PARENT, LinearLayout.LayoutParams.FILL_PARENT));
                 
                 Button btn = new Button(activity);
                 btn.setText( "OK" );
                 btn.setWidth( 100 );
                 layout.addView(btn,
                         new LinearLayout.LayoutParams(LinearLayout.LayoutParams.FILL_PARENT, LinearLayout.LayoutParams.FILL_PARENT));
                 
                 RadioGroup rGroup = new RadioGroup(activity);
                 rGroup.setOrientation(LinearLayout.HORIZONTAL);
                 RadioButton radio1 = new RadioButton(activity);
                 radio1.setText( "Radio A" );
                 rGroup.addView(radio1);
                 RadioButton radio2 = new RadioButton(activity);
                 radio2.setText( "Radio B" );
                 rGroup.addView(radio2);
                 
                 layout.addView(rGroup,
                         new LinearLayout.LayoutParams(LinearLayout.LayoutParams.WRAP_CONTENT, LinearLayout.LayoutParams.WRAP_CONTENT));
             }
             else if (id.equals(Tab3)){
                 
                 LinearLayout.LayoutParams param3 =
                     new LinearLayout.LayoutParams(LinearLayout.LayoutParams.FILL_PARENT, LinearLayout.LayoutParams.FILL_PARENT);
                 
                 layout.addView(inflaterHelper.inflate(R.layout.hello, null ),param3);
             }
             else if (id.equals(Tab4)){
                 TextView tv = new TextView(activity);
                 tv.setText( "HelloTags!" );
                 tv.setGravity(Gravity.CENTER);
                 layout.addView(tv);
             }
 
             return layout;
         }
         
     }

 

 

 

* 如何使用:

Java代码   
  1. CustomLayout ct = new CustomLayout(this);  
  2.   
  3. tHost.addTab(tHost.newTabSpec(Tab4).setIndicator("Tab 4").setContent(ct));  

 

 * emulator 运行结果:

 

 

 

 

3. 改变标签布局

 

写道
可能很多人对TabActivity 不满意 原因之一:其很不美观 而不美观的根源就是:标签的问题 其图像和文字相互覆盖 导致的  


那么 我们可以自己扩展么? 当然

 

 

写道
TabWidget 理解:  

1. TabWidget 为 horizontal 的 LinearLayout  
2. 且 其包含的标签又是一个RelativeLayout  
3. 每个标签RelativeLayout 里面包含2个View: TextView ImageView

 

 

因此 我们甚至可以推算出其布局为:

xml代码

?
<?xml version= "1.0" encoding= "utf-8" ?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android= "http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
     android:orientation= "horizontal"
     android:layout_width= "fill_parent"
     android:layout_height= "fill_parent"
     >
<RelativeLayout
     android:orientation= "vertical"
     android:layout_width= "fill_parent"
     android:layout_height= "wrap_content" >
     <ImageView  />
     <TextView  />
</RelativeLayout>
<RelativeLayout
     android:orientation= "vertical"
     android:layout_width= "fill_parent"
     android:layout_height= "wrap_content" >
     <ImageView  />
     <TextView  />
</RelativeLayout>
<RelativeLayout
     android:orientation= "vertical"
     android:layout_width= "fill_parent"
     android:layout_height= "wrap_content" >
     <ImageView  />
     <TextView  />
</RelativeLayout>
<RelativeLayout
     android:orientation= "vertical"
     android:layout_width= "fill_parent"
     android:layout_height= "wrap_content" >
     <ImageView  />
     <TextView  />
</RelativeLayout>
</LinearLayout>

 

 

* 去掉系统默认的布局 即 在 setIndicator() 中置空 修改如下:

Java代码   
  1. tHost.addTab(tHost.newTabSpec(Tab1).setIndicator("").setContent(ct));   

 

写道
可能有人会说:那我不调用setIndicator() 不久可以了么 不行 否则 会报错

 

 

* 自己定义布局 并 指定显示的内容

Java代码

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public View composeLayout(String s, int i){
         LinearLayout layout = new LinearLayout( this );
         layout.setOrientation(LinearLayout.VERTICAL);
         
         TextView tv = new TextView( this );
         tv.setGravity(Gravity.CENTER);
         tv.setSingleLine( true );
         tv.setText(s);
         layout.addView(tv,
                 new LinearLayout.LayoutParams(LinearLayout.LayoutParams.FILL_PARENT, LinearLayout.LayoutParams.WRAP_CONTENT));
         
         ImageView iv = new ImageView( this );
         iv.setImageResource(i);
         layout.addView(iv,
                 new LinearLayout.LayoutParams(LinearLayout.LayoutParams.FILL_PARENT, LinearLayout.LayoutParams.WRAP_CONTENT));
         return layout;
     }

 

 

* 得到 TabWidget 实例 tw

Java代码   
  1. LinearLayout ll=(LinearLayout)tHost.getChildAt(0);   
  2.         tw =(TabWidget)ll.getChildAt(1);  

 

 

* 得到 TabWidget 内的具体某个Layout 并使用上面的布局 composeLayout()

Java代码   
  1. public void updateWidgetView(int i,String text,int image){  
  2.         RelativeLayout rl =(RelativeLayout)tw.getChildAt(i);  
  3.           
  4.         rl.addView(composeLayout(text,image));  
  5.     }  

 

 

* emulator 运行截图 // 前面 3个是使用新布局 最后一个是使用TabActivity 默认的布局 哪个好看 大家自己选择之

 

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